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chapter🔟 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who served as middle man in trade between Europe and the Orient?

A

Italian merchants

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2
Q

What were the primary centers of trade on the local level in Europe? What were the centers of trade for large scale international trade?

A

the markets

the fairs

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3
Q

Where did we get our word bank?

A

banca; (Italian) which means bench referring to a money changers table

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4
Q

What is the term for charging interest for the use of lent money? What institution condemned this practice during middle ages?

A

usury

the roman catholic church

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5
Q

What factors contributed to the growth of towns in medieval Europe?

A

renewed trade
better farming methods
a larger European population

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6
Q

List four basic freedoms shared by towns people.

A

free status
exemption from manorial obligations
privilege of administering their own justice
the right to buy and sell freely in town markets

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7
Q

What was the primary function of a guild?

A

to regulate the business activity of a given town

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8
Q

What were the three classes of members of a craft guild?

A

apprentice
journeyman
master

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9
Q

What new social class arose with the rise of towns in the eleventh and twelfth centuries? What were the chief occupations of the people of this class?

A 
middle class
merchants, bankers, craftsman, and skilled laborers
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10
Q

List three factors that aided a revival of learning during the twelfth century.

A

improved political system and economic conditions
exposure to byzantine and Arab cultures
increased need of education due to more efficient government

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11
Q

What were the two of the earliest universities begun in Europe? How did they differ?

A

Belonia- was organized and supervised by students and their major subject was law
Paris- was supervised by teachers and their special subject was liberal arts and theology

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12
Q

What is the name of the new intellectual movement characterized by a renewed interest in theology and philosophy? What did the philosophers and theologians of this movement try to harmonize?

A

scholasticism

faith and reason

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13
Q

What clouded the work of medieval science?

A

magic and superstition

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14
Q

Who were the two greatest writers of the late Middle Ages? Identify each mans native country and the title of his most important work.

A

dante- Italy- the devine comedy

gefforey- England- canterbery tales

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15
Q

What two nations fought during the hundred years war? What were the dates for this war?

A

England and France

1337 to 1456

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16
Q

Which side won most of the battles for this war? Which side won?

A

England

France

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17
Q

What people did the Spanish and Portuguese seek to drive out of the Iberian Peninsula? What was this effort called?

A 
Spanish Muslims (moors)
 the Reconquista
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18
Q

What was the German constitution called? What assembly did it establish?

A

the golden bull

the diet

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19
Q

Following the collapse of the Hohenstaufen house, what family came to occupy the throne of the Holy Roman empire and rule it until after WWI?

A

the Hapsburg family

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20
Q

Who issued the papal bull Unam Sanctam? What did it assert?

A

Boniface the eighth

asserted that obedience to the pope is necessary for salvation

21
Q

To what city was the papacy “exiled”? What is this period called?

A

Avignon, France

the Babylonian captivity of the church

22
Q

What church finally settled the Great Schism?

A

constance

23
Q

exchanging goods for goods.

A

barter

24
Q

a gold coin minted in the city of Florence.

A

florin

25
Q

men that judged the value of coins.

A

moneychangers

26
Q

a price that included the cost of materials, a fair return for labor expended, and a reasonable profit. ( the church advocated this)

A

“just price”`

27
Q

privileges granted a town by a feudal lord were usually written down in a legal document,

A

charter

28
Q

towns formed associations to permute and protect their mutual commercial interests. Which was the most famous being composed of more than seventy German cities in northwestern Europe?

A

Hanseatic League

29
Q

grammar, rhetoric, and logic.

A

trivium

30
Q

arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.

A

quadrivium

31
Q

any association of people such as a guild.

A

universitas

32
Q

who did scholasticism reach its height under?

A

Thomas Aquinas

33
Q

this man asked frequent questions as the “First key to Wisdom”

A

Peter Abelard

34
Q

the archbishop of Canterbury whose faith and reason is summed up within a quote. He is best remembered for his use of logical arguments to support two major doctrines of Christian faith: the belief that Christ’s death on the cross satisfied God’s holiness and justice and redeemed fallen man

A

Anselm

35
Q

a Englishman who was a scientific thinker.

A

Roger Bacon

36
Q

twelfth century writers began to use this language in literature.

A

vernacular

37
Q

wandering minstrels

A

troubadours

38
Q

architectural style in Europe that was rectangular roman basilica that was shaped like a latin cross they had thick stone walls and were dark and gloomy on the inside

A

romanesque

39
Q

architectural that was light and delicate that had high towers that pointed to heaven so some people can turn their thoughts toward God and had stained glass windows.

A

gothic

40
Q

emerged in the late middle ages as people in certain religions became more fully aware of common traditions, languages, and religion/

A

nation-states

41
Q

this king claimed the throne of France but monarchs were unwilling to give him the crown.

A

Edward the third

42
Q

English relied on archers who were armed with this weapon.

A

longbows

43
Q

inspirational simple peasant girl who inspired the French to win the war.

A

Joan of Arc

44
Q

England’s series of conflicts between noble families.

A

war of the roses

45
Q

Henry ( who founded the tudor dynasty ) was crowned by this king

A

Henry the seventh

46
Q

the French king to levy a royal tax called what?

A

taille

47
Q

a council composed of nobles, clergy, and representatives of the cities.

A

the Cortes

48
Q

the leaders who persecuted the muslims, jews, and Christians.

A

king Ferdinand and queen isabella

49
Q

this man greatly enlarged the hapsberg possesions through marrage.

A

Maximilian the first

History🌍 (9 decks)

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