chapter🔟 Flashcards
Who served as middle man in trade between Europe and the Orient?
Italian merchants
What were the primary centers of trade on the local level in Europe? What were the centers of trade for large scale international trade?
the markets
the fairs
Where did we get our word bank?
banca; (Italian) which means bench referring to a money changers table
What is the term for charging interest for the use of lent money? What institution condemned this practice during middle ages?
usury
the roman catholic church
What factors contributed to the growth of towns in medieval Europe?
renewed trade
better farming methods
a larger European population
List four basic freedoms shared by towns people.
free status
exemption from manorial obligations
privilege of administering their own justice
the right to buy and sell freely in town markets
What was the primary function of a guild?
to regulate the business activity of a given town
What were the three classes of members of a craft guild?
apprentice
journeyman
master
What new social class arose with the rise of towns in the eleventh and twelfth centuries? What were the chief occupations of the people of this class?
middle class merchants, bankers, craftsman, and skilled laborers
List three factors that aided a revival of learning during the twelfth century.
improved political system and economic conditions
exposure to byzantine and Arab cultures
increased need of education due to more efficient government
What were the two of the earliest universities begun in Europe? How did they differ?
Belonia- was organized and supervised by students and their major subject was law
Paris- was supervised by teachers and their special subject was liberal arts and theology
What is the name of the new intellectual movement characterized by a renewed interest in theology and philosophy? What did the philosophers and theologians of this movement try to harmonize?
scholasticism
faith and reason
What clouded the work of medieval science?
magic and superstition
Who were the two greatest writers of the late Middle Ages? Identify each mans native country and the title of his most important work.
dante- Italy- the devine comedy
gefforey- England- canterbery tales
What two nations fought during the hundred years war? What were the dates for this war?
England and France
1337 to 1456
Which side won most of the battles for this war? Which side won?
England
France
What people did the Spanish and Portuguese seek to drive out of the Iberian Peninsula? What was this effort called?
Spanish Muslims (moors) the Reconquista
What was the German constitution called? What assembly did it establish?
the golden bull
the diet
Following the collapse of the Hohenstaufen house, what family came to occupy the throne of the Holy Roman empire and rule it until after WWI?
the Hapsburg family