Chapter 5.1(part of 5.2) Flashcards
1 Dalton
- 1800
- 1st person to publish the list of elements
- put them in order of weight from lowest –> highest
2 Berzelius
- coming up with the accurate atomic weights
- wanted to organize the elements more accurately than Dalton
- Glass blowing guy
- Discovered Silicon
3 Dobereiner
- DIDNT look at elements by their weight
- Observed elements by chemical properties
- Created triads(groups of 3)
*Problem: not all of the chemicals were grouped at all or grouped improperly b/c is doesn’t work in every element
4 Bunsen
- invented:
*bunsen burner
*spectrascope - comes up with a new way to find and identify elements
5 Newlands
- Law of Octaves(1864)
*every eighth element has similar properties - concept is still used today just not in eighths
6 Mendeleev
- published 1st periodic table (1869)
- missing a whole group still (noble gases)
7 Ramsey
- Made leap discovery of noble gases
*added them as a group - discovered heium, krypton, xenon, and neon
8 Moseley
- Introduces the atomic number
- can’t have half of a proton. so nothing in between
- could only be 92 elements
- his 1st periodic table(1913)
who published the 1st list of the elements?
Dalton
who was the glass blowing guy?
Berzelius
Who was the 1st person to observe elements by their chemical properties?
Dobereiner
Who tried to organize the elements into triads?
Dobereiner
Who invented the Bunsen burner?
Bunsen
Who invented the spectroscope?
Bunsen
Who created the law of octaves?
Newlands
what was the law of octaves?
every eighth element had similar properties
who was the 1st periodic table published by?
Mendeleev
what group was missing from Mendeleev’s periodic table?
Noble gases
who added noble gases to the group?
Ramsey
Who introduced the atomic number?
Moseley
what did Moseley define the atomic number as?
- Can’t have half of a proton so, nothing in between, they were only positive integers
- Could only nay 92 elements
What is Group 1?
Alkali metals
What is Group 2?
Alkaline-Earth metals
What is the two lines below the periodic table?
Inner transition metals
What are Groups 3-12?
Transition Metals
What is Group 13?
Boron family
What is Group 14?
Carbon family
What is Group 15?
Nitrogen Family
What is Group 16?
Oxygen Family
What is Group 17?
Halogen Family
What is Group 18?
Noble Gases
What are the characteristics of Alkali metals?
- ductile + malleable
- good electric + heat conductors
- low melting point
- have atoms with electrons in the outermost energy level
- silvery luster
What are the characteristics of Alkaline-Earth metals?
- silvery luster
- ductile + malleable
- good electric + heat conductors
- LESS reactive than alkali metals
- have atoms with 2 electrons in the outermost energy level
- occur in compounds either insoluble or slightly soluble
What are the characteristics of transition metals?
- ductile + malleable
- good electric + heat conductors
- silvery luster (EXCEPT gold + copper)
- Higher melting + boiling points than Groups 1 + 2
- More brittle + harder than Groups 1+ 2
- Chemical properties differ from each other
What are the characteristics of the oxygen family?
- Has 3 nonmetals
- Has one metalloid
- Has one metal
- Have atoms that have 6 electrons in outmost energy level
- Tend to form covalent compounds with other elements
- Exist in several allotropic forms
What are the characteristics of the Halogen Family?
- Are ALL nonmetals
- Are reactive
- Consist of atoms that have 7 electrons in the outermost energy level
- Exist at room temperature as a solid or gas
- Dissolves in sea water
- Found in rocks of Earth’s crust
What are the characteristics of the Noble Gases?
- Generally unreactive
- Low reactivity
- Colorless, odorless, and tasteless
- Generally don’t form chemical bonds
- Non-flammable
what element was discovered first on the sun and how?
- Helium
- It was discovered by Pierre Janssen who saw a yellow spectrum line in the sunlight during a solar eclipse.
What is the maximum number of electrons in the innermost(first) shell in an atom can contain?
2 electrons
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second shell in an atom can contain?
8 electrons
What is the maximum number of electrons in the third shell in an atom can contain?
32 electrons
Name the element that was named after Mendeleev
Mendelevium
What did Bohr improve on the previous atomic model?
He made it so that the electrons could only travel in specific energy level, NOT in between
Mendeleev’s principle of chemical periodicity is correctly state in what?
Periodic Law
What is periodic law?
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
what are lanthanides?
the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71
what are actinides?
the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103
