Chapter 5.1- Internet and Its Uses- WWW

Question 1

5.1.1 The Differences between the Internet and the WWW (World Wide Web)

Answer 1

Internet comes from the words interconnected network as it is a worldwide collection of interconnected networks. It is a concept instead of something tangible and relies on a physical infrastructure that allows networks and individual devices to connect to other networks and devices.

The WWW is only a part of the internet that users can access using web browsers. It contains a massive number of webpages and is based on htp (hypertext transfer protocols). The WWW is only a way of accessing the internet.

Question 2

5.1.1 Differences between Internet and WWW points

Answer 2

Internet:
Users can send a receive emails
allows online chatting via video and audio
makes use of transmission protocols and internet protocols
Is a worldwide collection of interconnected networks and devices

WWW:
Collection of multimedia web pages and other information on websites
http(s) protocols are written using HTML
URLs or Uniform resource locators are used to specify the location of web pages
web resources are accessed by web browsers
uses the internet to access information from web servers

Question 3

5.1.2- Web Browsers

Answer 3

Web browsers are a software that allow its users to access and display web pages on their device screens. Browsers interpret HTML sent from websites to display results on the user’s device.

Question 4

5.1.2 Uniform Resource Locator’s (URLs)

Answer 4

URLs are text addresses used to access websites/ A URL is typed into a browser address bar in the following format:
The protocol is normally http or https. The website address is:
Domain host (www)
domain name (website name)
domain type (.com, .org, .gov ) and sometimes a country code (.uk, .de, .in)

The path is the web page, but is often removed and then it becomes the root directory of the website. The file name is the item on the web page

Question 5

5.1.3 HTTP and HTTPS

Answer 5

HTTP stands for hypertext transfer protocol and is a set of rules that must be obeyed when transferring files across the internet. When some sort of security such as SSL or TLS is used http changes to https (a padlock might be seen before the URL when this is the case). The s in https stands for secure and indicates a more secure way of sending and receiving data across a network.

Question 6

5.1.4 Web Browsers

Answer 6

Browsers are a software that allow users to access and display web pages on their device screens. Browsers interpret HTML from websites and show the results of the translation (eg: videos, images, text, audio).

most browsers have:
a home page
have bookmarks
user history
the ability to allow users to navigate forwards and backwards through websites/ webpages that are already opened
the ability to open many web pages at a time by using multiple tabs
make use of cookies
make use of hyperlinks to navigate between websites and webpages, they can be opened in the same tab by clicking on them or in a new tab by pressing control and then clicking on them
the ability to store data in a cache
the ability to use java script
an address bar

Question 7

5.1.6 The Retrieval and Location of Web Pages pt1

Answer 7

HTML is a language used to display content on browsers. All websites are written in HTML and are hosted on a web server that has its own IP address which is required by the browser to retrieve pages from a website. DNS or Domain Name Server is a method used to find out the IP address for a domain name given in the URL. URLs and DNS eliminate the need for a user to memorize an IP address. The DNS process converts a URL to an IP address that a computer can understand. The DNS process involves more than one server. DNS servers contain a database of URLs with their matching IP addresses.

Question 8

5.1.5 Retrieval and Location of Webpages pt2

Answer 8

The user opens the browser and types in the URL and the browser asks the DNS server for the IP address of the website.
If the DNS server cant find the URL in its database or cache, it sends a request to DNS server 2.