Chapter 5.1 - 5.4 (Inter/intramolecular forces; states of matter)

Question 1

Intramolecular force

Answer 1

found within bonds between elements (atoms) within a compound

Question 2

Intermolecular force

Answer 2

between molecules; weaker than intramolecular forces

Question 3

Ionic bonds

Answer 3

complete transfer of electrons from one atom to the other; metal becomes a positively charged ion and the nonmetal becomes a negatively charged ion

Question 4

Covalent bonds

Answer 4

sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 5

Nonpolar covalent

Answer 5

when both atoms have similar electronegativity

Question 6

Polar covalent

Answer 6

when atoms have different electronegativities; creates partial charges

Question 7

Metallic bonds

Answer 7

occurs between metal atoms; Valence electrons are free to move through the positively charged atomic nuclei

Question 8

Relative Strengths of Intramolecular Forces (weakest to strongest)

Answer 8

Nonpolar Covalent
Polar Covalent
Ionic
Metallic

Question 9

Types of Intermolecular Forces

Answer 9

London dispersion forces or van der Waals (exist between all types of molecules; weakest; low boiling point)
Dipole-dipole (attraction of partial charges on different polar molecules)
Hydrogen bonding (partially positive hydrogen atom is attracted to partially negative atom of N, O, or F on separate molecule; strongest; high boiling point)

Question 10

Melting point

Answer 10

temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Question 11

Boiling point

Answer 11

temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas

Question 12

Viscosity

Answer 12

how thick a liquid is (resists flow)

Question 13

Surface tension

Answer 13

film on the surface of liquids that allows it to resist an external force

Question 14

Vapor pressure

Answer 14

force exerted by a gas in a container (this gas can be released from a solid or liquid)

Question 15

Stronger intermolecular forces =

Answer 15

high viscosity and surface tension; low vapor pressure

Question 16

The stronger the intermolecular forces between solute (what is dissolved) and solvent (the liquid) =

Answer 16

the greater the solubility

Question 17

the stronger the noncovalent interactions between molecules =

Answer 17

more energy needed to break them apart

Question 18

while looking at lewis diagrams: compounds with stronger intermolecular forces, larger masses, and less branching =

Answer 18

higher boiling points

Question 19

dipole-dipole bonds are always ______

Answer 19

polar

Question 20

What state of matter has the smallest space between particles?

Answer 20

solid

Question 21

What state of matter has high speed particles?

Answer 21

gas

Question 22

What happens to the temperature during a phase change?

Answer 22

it doesn’t change

Question 23

What happens to particles when kinetic energy is removed?

Answer 23

they slow down and condense