Chapter 50

Question 1

What is the most common type of shock in children?
a. Hypovolemic
b. Cardiogenic
c. Neurogenic
d. Septic

Answer 1

a. Hypovolemic

Question 2

Hypotension is likely to occur when an infant or child is greater than _____ % dehydrated.
a. 2
b. 5
c. 7
d. 10

Answer 2

d. 10

Question 3

A healthcare professional assesses that a child’s capillary refill time is 4 sec. What does the
healthcare professional evaluate that finding to mean?
a. The child is in shock.
b. The child must have septic shock.
c. The child has compensated shock.
d. This finding is normal.

Answer 3

a. The child is in shock.

Question 4

A 2-year-old is in shock. The healthcare professional assesses the child’s heart rate as 52
beats/min. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
a. Get an ECG.
b. Increase the intravenous rate.
c. Sedate the child.
d. Begin CPR.

Answer 4

d. Begin CPR.

Question 5

A child has a burn injury. What does the healthcare provider assess for when determining the
child’s chance of surviving?
a. Immunosuppression
b. Hypermetabolism
c. Inhalation injury
d. Hypertrophic scarring

Answer 5

c. Inhalation injury

Question 6

A child is in cardiogenic shock and the parents ask why the child has hepatomegaly and
periorbital edema. What explanation by the healthcare professional is best?
a. Mass vasodilation as a result of chemical mediators released from the myocardium
b. Low cardiac output and systemic venous congestion
c. Tissue damage to the myocardium, causing increased capillary permeability
d. Reduced renal perfusion, stimulating the RAAS system

Answer 6

b. Low cardiac output and systemic venous congestion

Question 7

Approximately 80% of all hospital-acquired infections in children are a result of which type of
organism?
a. Bacteria
b. Viruses
c. Fungi
d. Rickettsia

Answer 7

a. Bacteria

Question 8

A student asks the healthcare professional to explain reperfusion injuries. What explanation by
the professional is best?
a. Tissue damage that can occur with blood transfusions
b. Tissue destruction during rewarming in frostbite
c. Damage from restored blood flow and exposure to oxygen
d. Fluid overload from intravenous therapy that is too rapid

Answer 8

c. Damage from restored blood flow and exposure to oxygen

Question 9

The healthcare professional plans care for a child in shock. What are the primary goals for the
treatment of shock?
a. Maximizing oxygen delivery and minimizing oxygen demand
b. Maintaining hydration and adequate urinary output
c. Supporting all facets of the cardiovascular system
d. Maintaining all vital signs within normal functioning ranges

Answer 9

a. Maximizing oxygen delivery and minimizing oxygen demand

Question 10

To determine a child’s response to fluid therapy for shock, the healthcare professional should
monitor which measurements as the priority?
a. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels
b. Urine output and specific gravity
c. Blood pressure and pulse
d. Arterial blood gases and heart rate

Answer 10

b. Urine output and specific gravity

Question 11

A 33-pound child is in shock. Which fluid bolus should the healthcare professional prepare to
administer to this child?
a. Hypotonic fluid, 150 mL
b. Hypotonic fluid, 300 mL
c. Isotonic fluid, 150 mL
d. Isotonic fluid, 300 mL

Answer 11

d. Isotonic fluid, 300 mL

Question 12

What causes renal failure after electrical burns in children?
a. Cytokines are released after the damaged tissue.
b. Immature kidneys are unable to compensate for the electrical burn.
c. Cardiac output is reduced.
d. Myoglobin is released from damaged muscles.

Answer 12

d. Myoglobin is released from damaged muscles.

Question 13

A 4-year-old child with a burn injury has entered the catabolic flow phase. What assessment
would the healthcare provider correlate with this situation?
a. Oxygen saturation normal on room air
b. 7 pound weight loss in 1 week
c. Capillary refill <2 sec
d. Blood pressure 89/56 mmHg

Answer 13

b. 7 pound weight loss in 1 week

Question 14

The healthcare professional explains to a student that the most serious outcome resulting from
limited glycogen stores in children who have been seriously burned is which of these?
a. Poor wound healing
b. Increased morbidity
c. Decreased immunity
d. Loss of adipose tissue stores

Answer 14

b. Increased morbidity

Question 15

A healthcare professional gets an update on four children. Which one should the professional
assess as the priority?
a. 6-month old, respiratory rate of 42 breaths/min
b. 2-year-old, respiratory rate of 39 breaths/min
c. Preschooler, respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min
d. School-aged child, respiratory rate of 38 breaths/min

Answer 15

d. School-aged child, respiratory rate of 38 breaths/min