Chapter 47 Flashcards
Which component of the epidermis initiates immune responses and provides a defense against
environmental antigens?
a. Langerhans cells
b. Merkel cells
c. Keratinocytes
d. Melanocytes
a. Langerhans cells
Which cells of the dermis release histamine and play a role in the hypersensitivity reactions of
the skin?
a. Histiocytes
b. Fibroblasts
c. Mast cells
d. Macrophages
c. Mast cells
Which cells of the dermis secrete connective tissue matrix?
a. Macrophages
b. Mast cells
c. Fibroblasts
d. Histiocytes
c. Fibroblasts
Which gland releases secretions that are important in thermoregulation and cooling of the body
through evaporation?
a. Sebaceous
b. Apocrine
c. Eccrine
d. Exocrine
c. Eccrine
Which receptors of the sympathetic nervous system regulate heat loss through the skin?
a. Cholinergic
b. Beta-Adrenergic
c. Alpha-Adrenergic
d. Anticholinergic
c. Alpha-Adrenergic
The healthcare professional is assessing four patients for pressure ulcer formation. What is the
first change in the skin that the professional would note if a patient were developing a pressure
ulcer?
a. Blanchable erythema of intact skin
b. Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
c. Blister at the site of pressure
d. Reddish-purple discoloration
b. Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
Which type of dressings should the healthcare professional apply to pressure ulcers?
a. Flat and dry
b. Flat, moisture-retaining
c. Bulky and dry
d. Bulky, moisture-retaining
b. Flat, moisture-retaining
What term is used to identify skin lesions that are elevated, rounded, and firm with irregular
clawlike margins that extend beyond the original site of injury?
a. Psoriasis
b. Dermatitis
c. Acne
d. Keloid
d. Keloid
Keloids are caused by excessive amounts of which substance in the corneum during connective
tissue repair?
a. Elastin
b. Collagen
c. Stroma
d. Reticular fibers
b. Collagen
In allergic contact dermatitis, which cells possess the antigens and present them to T cells?
a. Langerhans cells
b. Merkel cells
c. Keratinocytes
d. Macrophages
a. Langerhans cells
In latex allergies, which immunoglobulin (Ig) is associated with an immediate reaction?
a. IgA
b. IgE
c. IgG
d. IgM
b. IgE
A patient in the clinic is diagnosed with dermatitis. The patient states that a previous healthcare
professional diagnosed eczema. What response by the healthcare professional is best?
a. “Both are general terms for a specific inflammatory response in the skin.”
b. “Eczema is an older, outdated term. The preferred term is dermatitis.”
c. “No, it’s not eczema. Eczema has yellowish scaly plaques.”
d. “If it were eczema, it would have blisters that go away on their own.”
a. “Both are general terms for a specific inflammatory response in the skin.”
What clinical manifestations do allergic contact and stasis dermatitis have in common?
a. Petechiae and hyperpigmentation
b. Edema and vesicular lesions
c. Scaling and crusting of lesions
d. Erythema and pruritus
d. Erythema and pruritus
Lesions on the elbows and knees that are well demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, and
erythematous characterize which type of psoriasis?
a. Plaque
b. Inverse
c. Guttate
d. Erythrodermic
a. Plaque
A healthcare professional assesses a patient who presents with a single lesion on the trunk that is
circular, demarcated, and salmon pink. The lesion measures approximately 3 to 4 cm in diameter.
What treatment option does the professional educate the patient about?
a. Narrow-band ultraviolet light therapy
b. Oral erythromycin regime
c. Keratolytic agent application
d. Consistent photoprotection
b. Oral erythromycin regime
A patient shows the healthcare professional a collection of infected hair follicles on the back of
the neck is red, painful, and draining. What condition does the professional educate the patient
on?
a. Erysipelas
b. Furuncles
c. Carbuncles
d. Boils
c. Carbuncles
The healthcare professional educates a community group that chickenpox (varicella) may be
followed years later by which disorder?
a. Erysipelas
b. Cytomegalovirus
c. Warts
d. Herpes zoster
d. Herpes zoster
A child has been diagnosed with ringworm and the parent asks how to get rid of this parasite.
What response by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
a. “We have several antibiotics that can be used.”
b. “Ringworm is actually a fungal infection of the skin.”
c. “Actually, ringworm is an old name for pemphigus.”
d. “Inexpensive topical antifungals often work well.”
b. “Ringworm is actually a fungal infection of the skin.”
Cutaneous vasculitis develops from the deposit of which substance?
a. Immune complexes
b. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
c. Complement proteins
d. T lymphocytes
a. Immune complexes
The student learns that which skin lesion is mediated by the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated
release of histamine, bradykinin, or kallikrein from mast cells?
a. Dermatitis
b. Scleroderma
c. Urticaria
d. Cutaneous vasculitis
c. Urticaria
A patient with scleroderma asks the healthcare professional how this condition was acquired.
What response is best?
a. X-linked recessive gene
b. X-linked dominant gene
c. Virus
d. Autoantibodies
d. Autoantibodies
A healthcare professional assesses a patient who has elevated lesions on the face that are waxy
and yellowish. What condition does the professional discuss with the patient?
a. Basal keratosis
b. Seborrheic keratosis
c. Keratoacanthoma
d. Actinic keratosis
b. Seborrheic keratosis
Lesions that usually have depressed centers with rolled borders and are frequently located on the
face and neck characterize which malignancy?
a. Squamous cell carcinoma
b. Kaposi sarcoma
c. Malignant melanoma
d. Basal cell carcinoma
d. Basal cell carcinoma
The student learns that alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?
a. myc
b. TP53
c. src
d. Ras
b. TP53
Bowen disease is a form of which type of cancer?
a. Kaposi sarcoma
b. Malignant melanoma
c. Basal cell carcinoma
d. Squamous cell carcinoma
d. Squamous cell carcinoma
A patient has an intradermal nevus. What assessment does the healthcare professional know is
consistent with this lesion?
a. Flat, dark, may be up to 2 cm in size
b. Elevated and smooth surface
c. Regular edges with bristle-like hairs
d. Heaped-up, keratinized cells
c. Regular edges with bristle-like hairs
Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?
a. Endothelial
b. Keratinocyte
c. Melanocyte
d. Exothelial
a. Endothelial
A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with cold, white, waxy fingers and toes. The
patient denies pain. Which intervention does the healthcare professional provide as the priority?
a. Applying local, dry heat
b. Rubbing or massaging the area
c. Immersing in warm water
d. Leaving the area uncovered
c. Immersing in warm water
A patient was hospitalized with frostbite and is receiving ibuprofen. The patient asks the
healthcare professional to explain the rationale for the drug. What is the best response?
a. Treating fever
b. Preventing plate aggregation
c. Reducing pain
d. Inhibiting prostaglandins
d. Inhibiting prostaglandins
A patient has an onychomycosis. Where would the healthcare professional assess this disorder?
a. Scalp
b. Fingernail
c. Lower legs
d. Mucus membranes
b. Fingernail
A patient has a furuncle. Where would the healthcare professional assess the patient for this
condition?
a. Feet
b. Palms
c. Hair follicles
d. Fingernails
c. Hair follicles
