Chapter 49 Flashcards
What is the final outcome of impaired cellular metabolism?
a. Cellular alterations in the heart and brain
b. Buildup of cellular waste products
c. Cellular alterations in the vasculature structures and kidneys
d. Impairment of urine excretion
b. Buildup of cellular waste products
Which clinical manifestation of septic shock confirms an elevation in immune system response?
a. Tachycardia
b. Increased white blood cell count
c. Low respiratory rate
d. Hypothermia
b. Increased white blood cell count
The release of catecholamine by the adrenal glands provides which compensatory mechanism in
hypovolemic shock?
a. Interstitial fluid moves out of the vascular compartment.
b. Systemic vascular resistance is decreased.
c. Heart rate is increased.
d. Water excretion is increased.
c. Heart rate is increased.
Hypovolemic shock begins to develop when intravascular volume has decreased by what
percentage?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
c. 15
A student asks the professor to explain the basics of vasogenic shock. What statement by the
professor is best?
a. The outcome of widespread hypersensitivity to an allergen
b. Bacteremia combined with systemic inflammatory response
c. Inability to get adequate blood to tissues and end organs
d. Vasodilation from an imbalance between the two nervous systems
d. Vasodilation from an imbalance between the two nervous systems
What is the clinical hallmark of neurogenic shock as a result of the overstimulation of the
parasympathetic nervous system?
a. Vasoconstriction
b. Vasodilation
c. Increased metabolism
d. Respiratory distress
b. Vasodilation
Four patients are in the intensive care unit with different types of shock. Which patient would the
healthcare professional assess as the priority?
a. Septic
b. Hypovolemic
c. Anaphylactic
d. Neurogenic
c. Anaphylactic
A patient is diagnosed with septic shock. What action by the healthcare professional will address
the main underlying pathophysiologic mechanism of this disorder?
a. Administer antibiotics as soon as possible.
b. Provide high volumes of isotonic fluid.
c. Place patient on an intra-aortic balloon pump.
d. Give the patient antihistamines and steroids.
a. Administer antibiotics as soon as possible.
For which type of shock would antihistamines and corticosteroids be prescribed?
a. Septic
b. Anaphylactic
c. Hypovolemic
d. Cardiogenic
b. Anaphylactic shock
Which condition is best defined as a clinical syndrome involving a systemic response to
infection, which is manifested by two or more of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome
criteria?
a. Bacteremia
b. Sepsis
c. Septicemia
d. Septic shock
b. Sepsis
The student learns that which mechanism causes organ injury in primary multiple organ
dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?
a. Impaired immune response
b. Impaired glucose use
c. Impaired perfusion
d. Impaired ventilation
c. Impaired perfusion
A student has studied secondary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). What substance
does the student learn is least likely to stimulate the normal endothelial cells to change to a
proinflammatory state?
a. Interleukin (IL)-1
b. IL-4
c. IL 6
d. Tumor necrosis factor
b. IL-4
What stimulates the respiratory burst and production of highly toxic free radicals in the multiple
organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?
a. Neutrophils adhering to the endothelium
b. Activation of the complement cascade
c. Release of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes
d. Activation of the fibrinolytic system
a. Neutrophils adhering to the endothelium
A student is perplexed that in a patient with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), no
infectious source has been found. What statement by the healthcare professional best describes
this phenomenon?
a. Death of organs
b. Translocation of bacteria
c. Maldistribution of blood flow
d. Massive inflammatory response
b. Translocation of bacteria
Blistering of the skin within minutes occurs in which type of burn injury?
a. First degree
b. Superficial partial thickness
c. Deep partial thickness
d. Full thickness
b. Superficial partial thickness
