Chapter 5: Wall Systems

Question 1

WALL SYSTEMS

Answer 1

• structural frames (concrete, steel or timber)
• concrete and masonry bearing walls
• metal and wood stud walls

Question 2

SHEATHING (SHEETING)

Answer 2

The first covering of exterior studs or rafters by boards, plywood or particleboard.

Question 3

DOWEL-BAR REINFORCEMENT

Answer 3

Short sections of reinforcing steel that extend from one concrete pour into the next. Used to increase strength in the joint. Dowels tie column to supported beams and slabs.

Question 4

FORM TIES

Answer 4

• snap ties

- she bolts

Question 5

BÉTON BEUT

Answer 5

Concrete that is left in its natural state after formwork is removed, esp. when concrete reflects the texture, joints and fasteners of a board form.

Question 6

PRECAST CONCRETE WALLS

Answer 6

Fabrication in a factory enables the units to have a consistent quality of strength, durability, and finish, and eliminates the need for on-site formwork.

+ SOLID panels (up to 7m high and 225 thick)
+ COMPOSITE panels with rigid foam insulation core (up to 7m high and 305 thick)
+ RIBBED panels (up to 14m high and 610 depth)

Question 7

PRECAST CONCRETE COLUMNS

Answer 7

Typically used with precast concrete beams to form a structural frame.

• 225x225 will support approx. 185m2
• 305x305 will 255m2
• 405x405 will 418m2

Question 8

SHEAR KEY

Answer 8

A shaped joint between two prefabricated elements that can resist shear through the geometric configuration of the joint.

Question 9

CORBEL

Answer 9

A course or unit of masonry that projects beyond the course below. A corbel may be used entirely for decoration or for a ledge to support a load from above.

Question 10

TILT-UP CONSTRUCTION

Answer 10

Method of casting reinforced concrete wall panels on site in a horizontal position, then tilting them up into their final position.

Question 11

TROWEL

Answer 11

Espátula

Question 11

MASONRY WALL

Answer 11

Modular building blocks bonded together with mortar to form walls that are durable, fire-resistant, and structurally efficient in compression. Most common types of building blocks are bricks and concrete blocks.

Question 12

Masonry walls may be constructed as 3 types:

Answer 12

• solid wall
• cavity wall
• veneered wall

Question 14

WYTHE

Answer 14

Continuous vertical section of a wall that is one masonry unit in thickness.

Question 15

PILASTER

Answer 15

A column built within a wall, usually projecting beyond the wall.

Question 16

LINTEL

Answer 16

A horizontal supporting member, installed above an opening such as a window or door, that serves to carry the weight of the wall above it.

+ steel angle lintels
+ reinforced brick lintels
+ concrete masonry lintels
+ precast concrete lintels

Question 17

CAULKING

Answer 17

A resilient silicone- or rubber-based compound used to prevent infiltration of water or outside air.

Question 18

PARAPET

Answer 18

That part of a wall that extends above the roof level.

Question 19

MORTAR

Answer 19

It is a plastic mixture of cement or lime, or a combination of both, with sand and water, used as a bonding agent in masonry construction.

Question 20

SOLID MASONRY WALLS

Answer 20

may be constructed of either solid or hollow masonry units laid contiguously with all joints solidly filled with mortar.

Question 21

GROUTED MASONRY WALLS

Answer 21

have all interior joints filled entirely with grout as the work progresses.

Question 22

CAVITY WALLS

Answer 22

are constructed of a facing and a backing wythe of either solid or hollow masonry units, completely separated by a continuous air space and bonded with metal wall ties or horizontal joint reinforcement.

Question 23

SPANDREL WALL

Answer 23

The area of a curtain wall between the sill of one window and the top of a window one storey below.

Question 24

Minimum wall thickness for bearing wall

Answer 24

150mm

Question 25

Minimum wall thickness for nonbearing wall

Answer 25

100mm

Question 26

Minimum thickness for basement, foundation, fire or party wall

Answer 26

205mm

Question 27

Minimum masonry wall thickness

Answer 27

205mm for unreinforced bearing and shear walls 150mm for reinforced bearing walls

Question 28

CMUs

Answer 28

Concrete Masonry Units

Question 29

COMPOSITE WALLS

Answer 29

are solid masonry walls having a facing wythe and a backup wythe of different solid or hollow units.

Question 30

STRETCHER

Answer 30

It is a masonry unit laid horizontally with the longer edge exposed.

Question 31

HEADER

Answer 31

It is a masonry unit laid horizontally with the shorter end exposed.

Question 32

SOLDIER

Answer 32

It is a brick laid vertically with the longer edge face exposed.

Question 33

WYTHE

Answer 33

It is a continuous vertical section of a masonry wall one unit in thickness.

Question 34

COURSE

Answer 34

It is a continuous horizontal range of masonry units.

Question 35

Mortar joints:

Answer 35

``` + concave joint + v-joint + weathered joint + struck joint + flush joint ```

Question 36

In a fire, steel can lose...

Answer 36

...strength rapidly.

Question 37

COMPOUND COLUMNS

Answer 37

are structural steel columns encased in concrete at least 64mm thick, reinforced with wire mesh.

Question 38

COMPOSITE COLUMNS

Answer 38

are structural steel sections thoroughly encased in concrete reinforced with both vertical and spiral reinforcement.

Question 39

BALLOON FRAMING

Answer 39

utilizes studs that rise the full height of the frame from the sill plate to the roof plate, with joists nailed into the studs and supported by sills or by ribbons let into the studs.

Question 40

PLATFORM (WESTERN) FRAMING

Answer 40

is a light wood frame having studs only one story high, regardless of the stories built, each story resting on the top plates of the story below or on the sill plates of the foundation wall.

Question 41

GYPROCK (SHEETROCK)

Answer 41

Also known as PLATERBOARD or DRYWALL. It is a panel made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper. It is used to make interior walls and ceilings. It is manufactured in thicknesses of 10, 13 and 16mm. There are also other thicknesses available up to 25mm. Panels are commonly sold in 1200x2400mm or 1200x4800mm sheets. Sheets are usually secured to either a timber or steel frame.