Chapter 2: The Building Flashcards
Transverse
From side to side.
Longitudinal
Related to length.
Inertial (force)
Tendency to not move or resist change.
Overturning moment
An applied force that causes a structure to turn over.
Polar vector
A variable, such as force, that has magnitude and direction and can be resolved into components that are odd functions of the coordinates.
Buckling
To bend or cause to bend out of shape, especially as a result of pressure or heat.
Eccentric
Situated away from the centre or the axis.
The 3 building systems
- structural system: superstructure, columns, beams, load bearing walls and substructure.
- enclosure system: roof, exterior walls, doors and windows.
- mechanical systems: water supply, sewage disposal, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, electrical system, vertical transportation, fire-fighting, waste disposal and recycling systems.
Codes that must be adhered to when constructing a building in Australia:
- BCA (Building Code of Australia)
- Local area guidelines
- GBCA (Green Building Council Australia)
Fire resistance classification according to IBC (Intl Building Code):
From most to least fire resistant:
- Type I
- Type II
- Type III
- Type IV
- Type V
Fire walls
are required to have a fire-resistance rating sufficient to prevent the spread of fire from one part of a building to another.
Occupancy separations
refer to fire-resistive vertical or horizontal constructions required to prevent the spread of fire from one occupancy to another in a mixed-occupancy building.
Fire separation distance
refers to the space required between a property line or adjacent building and an exterior wall having a specified fire-resistance rating.
The structural system of a building must be able to support two types of loads:
- static: are assumed to be applied slowly to a structure until it reaches its peak value without fluctuating rapidly in magnitude or position.
- dynamic: are applied suddenly to a structure. Two major types are wind and earthquake loads.
Static loads include
live or occupancy loads (people and anything than can be moved), snow and rain loads, and dead loads (combined weight of all permanent components of a building).
Flutter
refers to the rapid oscillations of a flexible cable or membrane structure caused by the aerodynamic effects of wind.
Base shear
is an estimate of the maximum expected lateral force that will occur due to seismic ground motion at the base of a structure.
A moment
is the tendency of a force to produce rotation of a body about a point or line, equal in magnitude to the product of the force and the moment arm and acting in a clockwise or counter clockwise direction.
Tensile
Tension; stretching.
Relatively short, thick columns are subject to failure by…
crushing.
Long, slender columns are subject to failure by…
buckling.
Forces acting on a beam:
- deflection
- bending moment
- resisting moment
- bending stress
- transverse shear
- vertical shearing
- horizontal or longitudinal shearing
Types of beams:
- simple beam
- cantilever
- overhanging beam
- double hanging beam
- fixed-end beam
- suspended-span
- continuous beam
Truss
It is a structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear members subject only to axial tension or compression.
