Chapter 5 Voclabulary

Question 1

Nucleotide

Answer 1

In a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base

Question 2

Double Helix

Answer 2

Shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled together by a springlike structure are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases

Question 3

Replicate

Answer 3

The process by which by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

Question 4

Chromatin

Answer 4

Long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cells nucleus; condense to form chromosomes

Question 5

RNA

Answer 5

Ribonucleic acid, single stranded nuclei can acid that contains sugar ribose

Question 6

Cytosine

Answer 6

Nitrogenous base “C” connects with guanine

Question 7

Inherited

Answer 7

One that is received from a parent and is passed to offspring. Examples: hair, color, and leaf shape

Question 8

Subunit

Answer 8

A term used to describe a part of a larger molecule-a nucleotide is one

Question 9

Rosalind Franklin

Answer 9

A British scientist who’s x-Ray photograph of DNA revealed that the structure of DNA was shaped like a helix

Question 10

Watson and Crick

Answer 10

Co-scientists that earned the Nobel prize by presenting the double helix model of DNA

Question 11

Erwin Chargaff

Answer 11

The scientist that discovered Adenine was always equal to the amount of Thymine, and guanine is always equal to cytosine in DNA

Question 12

Phosphate

Answer 12

The part of the nucleotide subunit that forms the sides of the Double helix ladder

Question 13

mRNA

Answer 13

Messenger Ribonucleic acid, the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA to the nucleus

Question 14

tRNA

Answer 14

Transfer Ribonucleic acid, transfers amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins

Question 15

Ribosomes

Answer 15

Organelles that are the site of protein synthesis

Question 16

Chromosomes

Answer 16

Rod-shaped cellular structure made of condensed chromatin; which carries the genetic information that controls inherited characteristics such as eye color and blood type

Question 17

Mutagen

Answer 17

A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleic sequence of DNA e.g. UV radiation, nuclear radiation

Question 18

Adenine

Answer 18

Nitrogenous base “A”; connects to thymine

Question 19

Thymine

Answer 19

Nitrogenous base “T”; connects to adenine

Question 20

Guanine

Answer 20

Nitrogenous base “G”; connects to cytosine

Question 21

Sugar

Answer 21

The molecule that is bonded between the phosphate and the base in the DNA and double helix

Question 22

Base

Answer 22

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosil are these in DNA

Question 23

Mutation

Answer 23

Change in DNA sequence that affects genetic information

Question 24

Base Pair

Answer 24

Adenine bonds to Thymine, and Guanine to Cytosil forming these rungs of the DNA ladder