Chapter 5 Vocabulary Flashcards
The definition of statement
STATEMENT is a sentence that is either true or false, but not both
The definition of Reasoning
REASONING is the step-by-step process that begins with a known fact or assumption and builds to a conclusion in an orderly, concise way. This is also called logical thinking
The definition of conjunction
CONJUCTION is a statement in which two statements, p and q, are connected by and. the notation for the conjunction “p and q” is denoted p/\q
The definition Disjunction
DISJUNCTION is a statement in which two statements, p and q, are connected by or. The notation for the disjunction “p or q” is denoted by p\/q
The definition of a conditional statement
CONDITIONAL STATEMENT is a statement of the form “If p, then q” where and q are statements. The notation for this conditional statement is p ー＞ q
The definition of biconditional statement
BICONDITIONAL STATEMENT is a statement of the form “p if and only if q” (symbolized by p ＜ー＞ q
The definition of converse
The CONVERSE of a conditional statement is obtained by switching the hypothesis and conclusion. The converse of p ー＞q is qー＞p
The definition of inverse
The INVERSE of a conditional statement is obtained by negating both the hypothesis and the conclusion.
The definition of contrapositive
The CONTRAPOSITIVE of a conditional statement is obtained by switching and negating the hypothesis and conclusion
The definition of proof
PROOF is a system of reasoning or argument to convince a person of the truth of a statement
The definition of Inductive reasoning
INDUCTIVE REASONING is an argument to establish that a statement is probably true
The definition of deductive reasoning
DEDUCTIVE REASONING an argument to establish that a statement absolutely certain
The definition of valid
VALID is the argument that if the reasoning proceeds logically from tithe premises to the conclusion
The definition of sound
SOUND is the argument that if it is valid and the premises are true
Law of deduction
Is a method of deductive proof with the following symbolic form
P (assumed)
