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Chapter 5 > Chapter 5 - Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

amino acids

A

-small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

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1
Q

absorption

A

-passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

amylase

A
  • enzyme that digests starch

- secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands

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3
Q

anastomosis

A

-new opening/surgical connection between two previously unconnected parts

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4
Q

appendix

A

-pouch hanging from the cecum

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5
Q

anus

A

-terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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6
Q

bilirubin

A

-pigment released by the liver in bile

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7
Q

bile

A

-digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Breaks up large fat globules.

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8
Q

canine teeth

A

-pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; also called cuspids or eyeteeth

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9
Q

bowel

A

-intestine

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10
Q

colon

A

-portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments

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11
Q

cecum

A

-first part of the large intestine

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12
Q

defecation

A

-elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

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13
Q

common bile duct

A

-carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum; also called the choledochus

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14
Q

dentin

A

-primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.

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15
Q

deglutition

A

-swallowing

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16
Q

duodenum

A

-first part of the small intestine

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17
Q

digestion

A

-breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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18
Q

emulsification

A

-physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller ones by bile, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

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19
Q

elimination

A

-act of removal of indigestible materials as feces

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20
Q

enzyme

A

-chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances; break down complex foods to simpler substances; end in -ase

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21
Q

enamel

A

-hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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22
Q

fatty acids

A

-substances produced when fats are digested; a category of lipids

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23
Q

esophagus

A

-tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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24
Q

gallbladder

A

-small sac under the liver; stores bile; ONE word

25
Q

feces

A

-solid wastes; stool

26
Q

glycogen

A

-starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

27
Q

glucose

A

-simple sugar

28
Q

ileum

A

-third part of the small intestine

29
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

-substance produced by the somach; necessary for the digestion of food

30
Q

insulin

A

-hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

31
Q

incisor

A

-any one of four front teeth in the dental arch

32
Q

lipase

A
  • enzyme necessary to digest fats

- produced in the pancreas

33
Q

jejunum

A

-second part of the small intestine

34
Q

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

-ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach; also called cardiac sphincter

35
Q

liver

A
  • large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen
  • secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out rbc’s and filters out toxins
36
Q

molar teeth

A

-6th, 7th and 8th teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch; premolar teeth are the 4th and 5th

37
Q

mastication

A

-chewing

38
Q

mesentery

A

-part of the peritoneum; holds the intestines in place

39
Q

pancreas

A
  • organ under the stomach;
  • both an endocrine and exocrine gland
  • produces insulin
  • produces enzymes: amylase, lipase and protease
40
Q

papillae

A
  • singular: papilla

- small elevations on the tongue

41
Q

palate

A
  • roof of the mouth; lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone
  • soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and throat
42
Q

peristalsis

A

-rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs to move contents through the GI tract

43
Q

pharynx

A

-throat; the common passageway for food and air

44
Q

parotid gland

A
  • salivary gland within the cheek; just anterior to the ear

- par = near, oto = ear

45
Q

protease

A
  • enzyme that digests protein

- produced in the pancreas

46
Q

pulp

A

-soft tissue within a tooth; contains nerves and blood vessels

47
Q

portal vein

A

-large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

48
Q

pylorus

A

-distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

49
Q

rectum

A

-last section of the large intesting, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

50
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

-ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum

51
Q

saliva

A

-digestive juice produced by the salivary glands; contains amylase, the enzyme that begins the digestion of starch to sugar

52
Q

salivary glands

A

-parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

53
Q

rugae

A

-ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

54
Q

sphincter

A

-ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

55
Q

stomach

A

-muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus; three parts are fundus (proximal), body and antrum (distal)

56
Q

sigmoid colon

A

-fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum

57
Q

uvula

A

-soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

58
Q

villi

A
  • singular: villus

- microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

59
Q

triglycerides

A

-fat molecules composed of 3 parts fatty acids and one part glycerol; subgroup of lipids

Chapter 5 (9 decks)

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