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Chapter 5 > Chapter 5 - Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

amino acids

A

-small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

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1
Q

absorption

A

-passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

amylase

A
  • enzyme that digests starch

- secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands

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3
Q

anastomosis

A

-new opening/surgical connection between two previously unconnected parts

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4
Q

appendix

A

-pouch hanging from the cecum

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5
Q

anus

A

-terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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6
Q

bilirubin

A

-pigment released by the liver in bile

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7
Q

bile

A

-digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Breaks up large fat globules.

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8
Q

canine teeth

A

-pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; also called cuspids or eyeteeth

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9
Q

bowel

A

-intestine

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10
Q

colon

A

-portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments

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11
Q

cecum

A

-first part of the large intestine

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12
Q

defecation

A

-elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

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13
Q

common bile duct

A

-carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum; also called the choledochus

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14
Q

dentin

A

-primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.

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15
Q

deglutition

A

-swallowing

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16
Q

duodenum

A

-first part of the small intestine

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17
Q

digestion

A

-breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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18
Q

emulsification

A

-physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller ones by bile, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

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19
Q

elimination

A

-act of removal of indigestible materials as feces

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20
Q

enzyme

A

-chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances; break down complex foods to simpler substances; end in -ase

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21
Q

enamel

A

-hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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22
Q

fatty acids

A

-substances produced when fats are digested; a category of lipids

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23
Q

esophagus

A

-tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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24
gallbladder
-small sac under the liver; stores bile; ONE word
25
feces
-solid wastes; stool
26
glycogen
-starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells
27
glucose
-simple sugar
28
ileum
-third part of the small intestine
29
hydrochloric acid
-substance produced by the somach; necessary for the digestion of food
30
insulin
-hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
31
incisor
-any one of four front teeth in the dental arch
32
lipase
- enzyme necessary to digest fats | - produced in the pancreas
33
jejunum
-second part of the small intestine
34
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
-ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach; also called cardiac sphincter
35
liver
- large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen - secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out rbc's and filters out toxins
36
molar teeth
-6th, 7th and 8th teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch; premolar teeth are the 4th and 5th
37
mastication
-chewing
38
mesentery
-part of the peritoneum; holds the intestines in place
39
pancreas
- organ under the stomach; - both an endocrine and exocrine gland - produces insulin - produces enzymes: amylase, lipase and protease
40
papillae
- singular: papilla | - small elevations on the tongue
41
palate
- roof of the mouth; lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone - soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and throat
42
peristalsis
-rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs to move contents through the GI tract
43
pharynx
-throat; the common passageway for food and air
44
parotid gland
- salivary gland within the cheek; just anterior to the ear | - par = near, oto = ear
45
protease
- enzyme that digests protein | - produced in the pancreas
46
pulp
-soft tissue within a tooth; contains nerves and blood vessels
47
portal vein
-large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
48
pylorus
-distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
49
rectum
-last section of the large intesting, connecting the end of the colon and the anus
50
pyloric sphincter
-ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum
51
saliva
-digestive juice produced by the salivary glands; contains amylase, the enzyme that begins the digestion of starch to sugar
52
salivary glands
-parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
53
rugae
-ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
54
sphincter
-ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
55
stomach
-muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus; three parts are fundus (proximal), body and antrum (distal)
56
sigmoid colon
-fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum
57
uvula
-soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
58
villi
- singular: villus | - microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
59
triglycerides
-fat molecules composed of 3 parts fatty acids and one part glycerol; subgroup of lipids

Chapter 5 (9 decks)

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