Chapter 5 - Key Terms

Question 0

What are the 3 salivary glands?

Answer 0

• parotid gland
• sublingual gland
• submandibular gland

Question 1

What are the 4 functions of the GI tract?

Answer 1

• ingestion
• digestion
• absorption
• elimination

Question 2

What are the 2 sphincters of the stomach?

Answer 2

• lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

- pyloric sphincter

Question 3

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 3

• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum

Question 4

What are the 5 parts of the large intestine?

Answer 4

• cecum
• ascending colon
• transverse colon
• descending colon
• sigmoid colon

Question 5

Liver/gallbladder/pancreas - bile and enzyme process

Answer 5

• the liver releases bile
• bile travels through the hepatic duct to the cystic duct
• cystic duct leads to the gallbladder where the bile is concentrated and stored
• after meals, the gallbladder contracts, forcing the bile into the common bile duct
• meanwhile, the pancreas secretes enzymes into the pancreatic duct
• the pancreatic duct joins with the common bile duct just as it enters the duodenum
• the duodenum thus receives a mix of bile and pancreatic juices

Question 6

What are the functions of the liver?

Answer 6

-produces bile
-maintains normal blood sugar levels through the processes of:
-storing glycogen
-converting stored glycogen back into glucose via
glycogenolysis
-converting proteins and fats into glucose via gluconeogenesis
-manufacturing blood proteins
-releasing bilirubin
-filtering toxins from the blood

Question 7

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 7

-process of the liver in which stored glycogen (starch) is converted back into glucose

Question 8

What is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 8

-process by the liver in which proteins and fats are converted into glucose