Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Question 1

An alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait; can be dominant or recessive.

Answer 1

allele

Question 2

Describes a trait that covers up, or dominates, another form of that trait.

Answer 2

dominant

Question 3

Biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of a gene’s DNA to improve crop production, produce large volumes of medicine, and change how cells perform their normal functions.

Answer 3

genetic engineering

Question 4

The study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles.

Answer 4

genetics

Question 5

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Answer 5

genotype

Question 6

The passing of traits from one parent to offspring.

Answer 6

hereditary

Question 7

Describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait.

Answer 7

heterozygous

Question 8

Describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait.

Answer 8

homozygous

Question 9

An offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent.

Answer 9

hybrid

Question 10

Production of a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous parents.

Answer 10

incomplete dominance

Question 11

Outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of its genotype.

Answer 11

phenotype

Question 12

Occurs when a group of gene pairs act together and produces a specific trait, such as human eye color, skin color, or height.

Answer 12

polygenic inheritance

Question 13

A tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring that shows the different ways alleles can combine.

Answer 13

Punnet square

Question 14

Describes a trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disapear.

Answer 14

recessive

Question 15

An allele inherited on a sex chromosome and that can cause human genetic disorders such as color blindness and hemophilix.

Answer 15

sex-linked gene