Chapter 4 Vocabulary Flashcards
A type of reproduction-fission, budding, and regeneration - in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism.
asexual reproduction
Structure in a cell’s nucleus that contains hereditary material.
chromosome
Cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs.
diploid
Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases.
DNA
Haploid cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells.
egg
In sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and egg.
fermentation
Section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins.
gene
Cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells.
haploid
Reproductive process that produces four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and ensures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organisms.
meiosis
Cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps(prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase).
mitosis
Any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial harmful, or have little effect on an organism.
mutation
Ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
RNA
A type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity.
sexual reproduction
Haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs.
sperm
New diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organism.
zygote
