Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards
Energy - requiring process in which transport proteins bind with particles and move them through a cell membrane.
active transport
Chemical reactions occur that break down food molecules into simpler substances and release their stored energy.
cellular respiration
A type of passive transport in cells in which molecules move from areas where there are more of them to areas where there are fewer of them.
diffusion
Process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane.
endocytosis
A type of protein that regulates nearly all chemical reactions in cells.
enzyme
Process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell.
exocytosis
Process by which oxygen - lacking cells and some one - celled organisms release a small amount of energy from glucose molecules and produce wastes such as alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid.
fermentation
Occurs when molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance.
equilibrium
Compound such as H2O that is made from elements other than carbon and whose atoms usually can be arranged in only one structure.
inorganic compound
The total of all chemical reactions in an organism.
metabolism
A combination of substances in which the individual substances do not change or combine chemically but instead retain their own individual properties; can be gases, solids, liquids, or any combination of them.
mixture
Compounds that always contain hydrogen and carbon; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic aids are organic compounds found in living things.
organic compound
A type of passive transport that occurs when water diffuses through a cell membrane.
osmosis
Movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy; includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
passive transport
Process by which plants and many other producers use light energy to produce a simple sugar from carbon dioxide and water and give off oxygen,
photosynthesis
