Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Question 1

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 1

Degenerative disease of the brain where misfolded proteins buildup in the brain tissue and prevent cells from properly functioning. Caused by dysfunctional proteasomes in cells.

Question 2

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 2

Known as type 2 diabetes. When there is a reduction in the number of functioning membrane receptors for the hormone insulin. Cells starve for energy-rich glucose, even though it is available outside the cell.

Question 3

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 3

A severe inherited condition, that results from “leaky” membranes in muscle cells. Muscle contractions pull at the weakened connections to the plasma membrane and rip holes that allow calcium ions (Ca++) to enter the cell. This flood of Ca++ triggers chemical reactions that destroy the muscle, causing life-threatening paralysis.

Question 4

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 4

Failure of mitochondria to produce energy affects the areas of the brain that control muscles, progressively making effective movement more difficult.