Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards
Quantum
The amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level
Energy levels
The fixed energies an electron can have
Quantum mechanical model
The modern description of the electrons in atoms
Atomic orbital
A region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron
Electron configurations
The ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms
Aufbau principle
Electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy level first
Pauli exclusion principle
An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons
Hund’s rule
Electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible
Amplitude
The wave’s height from zero to the crest
Wavelength
Represented by lambda, is the distance between the crests
Frequency
Represented by v, is the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time
Hertz
The SI unit of cycles per second
Electromagnetic radiation
Includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, X-rays, and gamma waves
Spectrum
When sunlight passes through a prism, the different frequencies separate into this
Atomic emission spectrum
This occurs when the frequencies of light emitted by an element separate into discrete lines
Ground state
The lowest possible energy of the electron
Photons
Light quanta
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
It is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time
