Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards
consciousness
A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind
phenomenology
How things seem to the conscious person.
problem of other minds
The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.
mind/body problem
The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.
cocktail party phenomenon
A phenomenon in which people tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby.
minimal consciousness
A low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior.
full consciousness
Consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state.
self-consciousness
A distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object.
mental control
The attempt to change conscious states of mind.
thought suppression
The conscious avoidance of a thought.
rebound effect of thought suppression
The tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression.
ironic processes of mental control
Mental processes that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them.
dynamic unconscious
An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces.
repression
A mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness
cognitive unconscious
The mental processes that give rise to the person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person.
subliminal perception
A thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving.
altered states of consciousness
Forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.
circadian rhythm
A naturally occurring 24-hour cycle of sleeping and waking.
REM sleep
A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity.
insomnia
Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.
sleep apnea
A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.
somnambulism
Occurs when the person arises and walks around while asleep.
narcolepsy
A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities.
sleep paralysis
The experience of waking up unable to move.
night terrors
(or sleep terrors) Abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal.
activation-synthesis model
The theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep.
psychoactive drugs
A chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system.
drug tolerance
The tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect.
depressants
Substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system.
expectancy theory
The idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations.
alcohol myopia
A condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations.
stimulants
Substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels.
narcotics or opiates
Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain.
hallucinogens
Drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.
marijuana
The leaves and buds of the hemp plant.
hypnosis
An altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that one’s actions are occurring involuntarily.
hypnotic analgesia
The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis.
meditation
The practice of intentional contemplation.
