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RT (PFT) II Semestre > Chapter # 5 Ventilation > Flashcards

Chapter # 5 Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Normal respiratory ranges?

A

10 - 20 Breaths/minute

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2
Q

What can increased respiratory rate?

A
  • Hypoxia (Abnormal low Level of Oxugen in the Blood)
  • Hypercapnia (Higher level of carbon Dioxide in the arterial blood usually greater than 45 mmHG)
  • Metabolic acidosis ​(excessive acid production)
  • Decreased lung compliance
  • Exercice
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3
Q

Normal Respiratory Rates is increased in:

A
  • Central Nervious System Depression
  • CO2 Narcosis
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4
Q

CO2 Narcosis is?

A

A condiction resulting for high levels of Carbon Dioxide in the Blood

(>70 mm Hg or higher)

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5
Q

Narcosis is considered when? and what happen to the body?

A

Is called Narcosis when Carbon Dioxide level go too high, causing confusion, tremors, convultions and coma may occurs when CO2 levels are >70 mm Hg

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6
Q

Normal Minute Ventilation ranges VE

A

5 - 10 L/min

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7
Q

What can increased VE?

A
  • Hypoxia
  • Hypercapnia
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Anxiety
  • Exercice
  • Final Exam
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8
Q

What is Dead Space?

A

Is the Lung volume that is ventilated but not perfused by pulmonary Capilary blood flow

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9
Q

What is expressed using this formula

VD/VT = (PaCO2 - PECO2) X 100

<span>P</span>a<span>CO</span>2

A

Is the portion of ventilation wasted on the conducting airways and poorly perfussed as a ratio

(Dead Space)

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10
Q

This is

VT

A

Tidal Volume

  • (Is Volume of gas inspired or expired during each respiratory cycle)*
  • VT= VE/f*
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11
Q

This is

f

A

Respiratory Rate

(Number of breaths per unit of time)

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12
Q

This is

VE

A

Minute Ventilation

(Total volume of gas expired per minute).

V**E = f x V**T

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13
Q

VA

A

Alveolar Ventilation

VA= f (VT** - VD)

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14
Q

VD

A

Dead Space Ventilation

VD= (VD/VT) (VT)**

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15
Q

VT will be decreased with:

A
  • Severe restrictive diseases
  • Neuromuscular Disorders
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16
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Decreased VT is usually accompained by an increased in respiratory rate in order to mantain alveolar ventilation (VA)

A

TRUE

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17
Q

There are two types of Dead Space:

A
  • Alveolar (VDA) (Non-perfused alveoli)
  • Anatomic (VDan)(Conducting Airway)
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18
Q
  • Non-perfussed alveoli is belong to which type of Dead Space?
A

Alveolar Dead Space

19
Q

Conducting airway is belong to which type of Dead Space?

A

Anatomic Dead Space

20
Q

TRUE or FALSE

VD = 1 ml/lb of ideal body weight

A

TRUE

21
Q

VE is measured with?

A

Minute Ventilation is measured with Volume Displacement or flow-sensing Spirometer

VE = f x VT

22
Q

What is Alveolar Ventilation?

A

Is the volume of gas exchange in the lungs per minute

VA= VE** - VD

23
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Decreases in both VT and Respiratory rate are often associated with respiratory center depression

A

TRUE

24
Q

TRUE or FALSE

When VE is used in conjunction with arterial Blood Gases, VE indicates the adequacy of ventilation

A

TRUE

25
Q

What is the normal Dead Space ratio (VD/VT) in adults?

A

20% - 40% is a normal range

(Normal adult should be in about 30%)

26
Q

What can increase the normal Dead space/Alveolar Ventilation ratio?

A
  • Pulmonary embolisim
  • Acute Pulmonary Hypertention
  • Decreased Cardiact Output
27
Q

What is Ventilatory Response to CO2?

A

Is the measurement of the increase or decrease in VE caused by breathing various concentration of carbon dioxide while PaO2 is kept normal

28
Q

What can decreased Dead Space/Alveolar Ventilation ratio?

A

Exercise (Increase cardiac output and perfusion of lung apices)

29
Q

What can determine the adequacy of VA?

A

Alveolar Ventilation can only be determine with an arterial blood gas !

30
Q

PCO2 >45 with PH <7.35

This is?

A

Hypoventilation

31
Q

PCO2 < 35 with a PH >7.45

This is?

A

Hyperventilation

32
Q

Decreased VAcan result from?

A
  • Increases in VD
    • ​Destruction / dilition airway walls
    • > FRC (air trapping/Hyperinflaction
    • Bronchodilator
  • Decreased in VE
33
Q

Ventilatory response to Oxygen consist of :

A

Breath 20%-12% of Oxygen through either an open or close circuit while the following are measured: VE, PaO2, P100,PetCO2.

The test is repeated with decreasing concentractions of O2

34
Q

What does it mean Ventilatory response to Oxygen?

A

It mean that when PaO2 goes bellow 60 torr, ventilatory response increases by breathing faster.

When this happen (PaO2 <60%) peripheral quimoreceptor jump in

35
Q

What is the P100?

A

Is the pressure generated during the first 100 milliseconds of inspiratory effort agains an occluded airway

36
Q

TRUE or FALSE

P100, It is a measurement of the neural output from the medullary centers that drive ventilation rate and volume

A

TRUE

37
Q

A normal P100 values are?

A

Between 1.5 - 5.0 cm H2O

38
Q

P100 values will normally increase with:

A
  • Increase PaCO2 (>45, hypercapnia)
  • Decrease PaO2 (Hypoxemia)
39
Q

What kind of patient will not increase the P100 when the PaCO2 is increased?

A

COPD patients

40
Q

Formula to get VA?

A

VA = f (VT - VD)

41
Q

How we get VT?

A

VT = VE/f

42
Q

How we get VD/VTratio?

A

VD/VT = PaCO2 - PECO2

PaCO2

Normal range is between 20% -40%

43
Q

How we get VE?

A

VE = f x VT

RT (PFT) II Semestre (10 decks)

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