Chapter # 1, Indications Flashcards
PFT, Purpose
Identify and quantify pulmonary impairments
PFT Category tests
- Airway Function
- Lung Volumes and Gas Distribution
- Diffusing Capacity
- Blood Gas and Exchange Tests
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests
What Test is the most common on PFT?
Spirometry
Spirometry Measures?
It measures the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.
Airway Function
It measures how well air moves in and out of the airways
Lung Volume test measures?
How big the lungs are
Diffusion Capacity test
How well does gas pass through alveolar capillaries
The most common Airway Function Test is?
Spirometry
Vital Capacity is?
Is the total amount of air that we can exhale after a maximum inspiration
Vital Capacity is also known as
Slow vital Capacity
Force Vital Capacity (FVC), measures
FVC measures Volume and Flow
when we think about obstruction we should think on …
Airway
It may be the fist test to identify pulmonary disease …
Spirometry
Spirometry is the most common PFT test, it measures air flow including:
- VC (irv, vt, erv)
- FVC
- FVL
Drugs that are use to induce an Asthmatic Attack?
- Metacholine
- Histamine
- Exercice
People who do not have asthma, how they will react to an induce Asthmatic attack?
These people will not have any reaction to these drugs.
How we can determine if a patient have Asthma or not?
By inducing an Asthma Attack
The Gold standard to Diagnose an Obstructive Lung Disease is?
Spirometry
Obstructive Diseases will reduce …
Airflow in and out of the lungs
What does mean CBABE, and what have in common?
CBABE means: Cystic Fibosis Bronchiectasis Asthma Bronchitis Empfysema, and they are all OBSTRUCTIVE diseases.
Spirometry Indications?
- Diagnose the presence or Absence of lung diseases.
- Quantify the extent of known disease on lung
function. - Measures the effects of occupational or
environmental exposure. - Determine beneficial or negative effects to therapy.
- Assess risk of surgical procedures.
- Evaluate disability or impairment.
Lung Volume test is the Gold Standard to identify…
RESTRICTIVE lung disease.
Indication for lung volume test?
- Diagnose or assess severity of restrictive lung
disease. - Differentiate between restrictive and obstructive
patterns. - Make preoperative assessments of patients with
compromise lung function.
Indication for Blood Gas analisis
- Evaluate adequacy of lung function.
- Determine the need for supplemental Oxygen.
- Document severity or progression of known
pulmonary disease.
Indication for Diffusing Capacity
- Evaluate or fallow the progress of parenchymal lung
disease. - Evaluate pulmonary involvement in systemic
disease. - Evaluate cardiovascular disese
Previous test, We should stop giving short acting B-Agonist?
4 hours
Long acting B- agonist should be stpo
12 hours previous test
Atropin like preparation
Ipatropium Bromide (Atrovent), 8 hours before Cromolyn Sodium, 8-12 hours previous test
What is COPD
Is a long standing airway obstruction, caused by Bronchitis, Asthma and Emphysema.
this condition may be present alone or in combination .
COPD is characterized by:
- Dyspnea at rest or Exertion
- Productive cough
Emphysema
Means air trapping
+ Caused primarily by cigarette Smoking
+ As the disease advances more and more alveolar
wall are destroyed
The main Symptom of Emphysema is?
Breathlessness , either at rest or with exertion.
In advanced Emphysema, what contribute to Dyspnea?
Hypoxemia
On Emphysema DLCo will be
Reduced
On Emphysema Chest X-Ray will show
+ Flatted Diaphragms and increased air spaces
+ The lungs appears hyperlucent (Dark)
+ Heart appears to be hanging from the great vessels
What Enzyme deficiency causes the gradual destruction of the alveolar wall?
Alpha1 -antitrypsin
On Emphysema FEV1 will be?
Reduced
It is present when there is excessive mucus production, with a productive cough on most days, for at least 3 months for 2 years or more.
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic Bronchitis main cause
Smoking Cigarettes, also exposure to environmental pollutants
What test may be used to distinguishing between Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
DLCo, Chronic Bronchitis patients may have preserved DLCo, while Emphysema patients DLCo is reduced
Bronchiectasis is:
Is the pathologic dilation of the bronchi
The main feature of Bronchiectasis is:
Very productive Cough, the sputum is usually purulent and foul smelling.
Treatment of Bronchiectasis?
Bronchial Hygiene
Antibiotic Therapy
Bronchoscopy and surgical resection
The most common presentation of Asthma include:
Wheezing
cough
shortness of breath
Disease that primarily affects the mucus production apparatus of the lung and pancreas?
Cystic Fibrosis
Clinical manifestation of CF include:
+ Chronic Cough and Sinusitis
+ Bronchiectasis
+ Atelectasis
The primary management of CF is:
Removal of excess of mucus produced.
Symptom of Sarcoidosis include:
Fatigue, muscle weakness, fever and weight loss
What disease shows relatively normal flows on PFT?
Sarcoidosis
Dyspnea and Dry, nonproductive cough are the most common symptoms for …
Sarcoidosis
\+ Under weight \+ Barrel-Chest \+ Use accessory muscles \+ Purse-lip breathing Is characteristic of what condition?
Emphysema
On patient preparation, Smoking cessation should be ceased
24 hour prior test
On patient preparation, Eating should be limited to:
2 hours
Alcohol consumption should be refrain for:
4 hours before testing
DO NOT ask for this information on physical measurements
+ Height in inches or
centimeters
+ Weight in pounds or
kilograms
Any disease that causes problem with lung volume will make the patient breath…
Shallow
Indication for Spirometry include which of the following?
1. Preoperative evaluation for Pneumonectomy
2. Measurement of exercise capacity.
3. Determination of the beneficial effects of a bronchodilator.
4. Measurements of the effects of working in a dusty enviriment.
A. 1,2 and 3
B. 1,3 and 4
C. 2,3 and 4
D. 2 and 4 only
B. 1,3 and 4
What test would you suggest to an adult with suspected shunt?
Blood Gas
which of the following diseases often result in an obstructive pattern when Spirometry is done?
- Asthma
- Emphysema
- Bronchiolitis
- Silicosis
a. 1,2 and 3
b. 1,3 and 4
c. 2,3 and 4
d. 2 and 4
a. 1,2 and 3
Which of the following should a pulmonary function technologist do before performing Spirometry?
a. Administer an anticholinergic
b. ask the patient their current height and weight.
c. Demonstrate how correctly perform the test maneuver
d. Explain that they will be require to perform three maneuvers.
c. demonstrate how correctly perform the test maneuver
What test would you recommended to a patient whom complain of Dyspnea on exertion and chest tightness
Cardiopulmonary exercise test
