Chapter 5: Understanding Individuals Within Environments

Question 1

True or false, context is:
Encapsulating environments in which people live
Structural forces that shape the lives of individuals

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or false, people with mental illness are 2 ½ times more likely to be attacked, raped or mugged than the general population

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Would child hunger end if there were more food banks?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Explain the difference between first order change and second order change

Answer 4

First order:Solves the problem for that moment in time
Eg. Food banks, shelter etc

Second order: Solves the problem for a longer period of time
Eg. Increase minimum wage

Question 5

Is obesity contagious?

Answer 5

Yes, turns out you’re more likely to be obese if your friend is b/c you’ll eat the same way when you go out etc

“Induction”

Question 6

True or false, assumptions behind the process of a problem definition may be largely unconscious

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or false, often, we don’t notice the influence of our social areas until we notice feeling uncomfortable

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or false, most of us tend to notice aspects of environments most clearly when we are new to a setting

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or false, an interest in understanding environmental influences on individuals is common among many disciplines, including anthropologist, soci, and social work

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or false, community psychology seeks to understand environmental factors and their connections to well-being

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are the 4 ecological principles (principles about characteristics of settings, not of individuals)

Answer 11

Interdependence
Cycling of resources
Adaptation
Succession

Question 12

Explain interdependence (ecological principle)

Answer 12

Changes in one part can effect others… They are interdependent

Eg. Family, if someone gets sick, others get sick in the family

Question 13

Explain cycling of resources (ecological principles)

Answer 13

How resources are used, distributed, conserved, and transformed within communities

Personal resources
Social resources

Question 14

Explain Adaptation (ecological principles)

Answer 14

Individuals cope with the constraints and demands of an environment and enviornment so adapt to their members

Question 15

True or false, according to the adaptation principle (ecological principles) if an organization does not respond to the needs of its members will find it difficult to retain member involvement or attract new members (YETI)

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the difference between personal resources and social resources?

Answer 16

Personal– talents, knowledge, experiences, strengths

Social– shared beliefs, values, formal rules, shared sense of community

Question 17

What is succession? (Ecological principles)

Answer 17

How settings are created, maintained, and changed over time

Question 18

True or false, you need to understand a systems history before they plan an intervention in that system

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are the 3 social climate dimensions?

Answer 19

Relationships
Personal development
System maintenance and change

Question 20

True or false, if the ecological context of social issues is left unaddressed, the interventions chosen will likely be limited in their effectiveness

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Explain three challenges in studying neighbourhoods

Answer 21

1– no consensus as to what a neighbourhood is
2– there is much diversity in ecologies of neighbourhoods (eg, low income neighbourhood, rich neighbourhood)
3– neighbourhoods are dynamic settings that are continually changing and adapting

Question 22

What are neighbourhood risk processes?

Answer 22

Statistically correlated with such problematic individual outcomes as personal distress, mental disorders, or behaviour problems

(How neighbourhoods can effect individual functioning)

Question 23

What are neighbourhood protective processes?

Answer 23

Strengths or resources associated with positive individual outcomes

They offset or buffer the impact of risk processes

Question 24

What are distal processes

Answer 24

Broader in scope and indirectly affect individuals

Question 25

What are proximal processes?

Answer 25

Processes which affect individuals more directly and immediately

Question 26

True or false, proximal and distal processes are not absolute categories, but differ along a continuum

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What are physical incivilities?

Answer 27

Include broken buildings, litter, vandalism, etc

Question 28

What are social incivilities?

Answer 28

Public drunkenness, gang activities, and drug trade

Question 29

True or false, alternative settings are not necessarily designed to replace current settings but rather to provide conditions and resources that support the functioning of people for whom the current options do not work

Answer 29

True