Chapter 5 Tissues Part 2

Question 1

Connective Tissue

Answer 1

Most abundant tissue type in the body
Many functions: 
- bind structures
- provide support and protection
- serves as framework
- fills spaces
- stores fat
- products blood cells
- protects against infections
- helps repair tissue damage
Ha and abundance of extracellular matrix between CT cells
- matrix: is made of fibers and ground substances (binds, supports, and provides medium for substance transfer)
Have varying degrees of vascularity

Question 2

Fibroblast CT

Answer 2

Fixed cell - reside in specific CT for extended time
Most common cell
Large, star-shaped
Produce fibers (secretes protein)
Blast builds

Question 3

Macrophages

Answer 3

Wandering cells - move through temporarily
Phagocytic (scavenger)
Important in defense/immunity
Can eat it up or inactivate it
Goes to bad thing and rids the body of it
Originates as WBC (white blood cells)

Question 4

Mast Cells

Answer 4

Fixed cell
Usually near BV (blood vessels)
Release heparin (clotting substance)
Release histamine (promotes reactions to inflammation & allergies)

Question 5

Collagenous Fibers

Answer 5

Thick threads of collagen
Great tensile strength (super strong)
Very abundant in dense connective tissue (where ligaments and tendons are located)
Holds structures together
Tendons, ligaments
Keeps your body together even after wear and tear

Question 6

Elastic Fibers

Answer 6

Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin
Fibers branch
Elastic 
Vocal cord, air passages
Not as strong but very elastic

Question 7

Reticular Firbers

Answer 7

Very thin, collagenous fibers
Highly branched
Form supportive networks in tissues such as spleen, liver, lymph organs

Question 8

CT categories

Answer 8

CT Proper and Specialized CT

Question 9

Connective Tissue Proper

Answer 9

Loose CT
Adipose CT
Reticular CT
Dense CT
Elastic CT
(LARDE)

Question 10

Specialized Connective Tissue

Answer 10

Cartilage
Bone
Blood

Question 11

Loose CT

Answer 11

Mainly fibroblasts
Elastic fibers
Bind skin to structures
Beneath most epithelium
Between muscles

Question 12

Adipose (fat) CT

Answer 12

Adipocytes – when they crowd out other cell types, they form adipose tissue

• cushion
• insulate
• store fats
• born with a certain number of fat cells, excess calories are converted to fat and stored

Question 13

Reticular CT

Answer 13

Walls of liver, spleen, lymphatic organs

Highly branching

Question 14

Dense CT

Answer 14

Bind body parts together
Tendons, ligaments, dermis (second layer of skin)
Poor blood supply

Question 15

Elastic CT

Answer 15

Attachments between vertebrae

Walls of large arteries, airways, heart

Question 16

Bone CT

Answer 16

Solid matrix
Supports
Protects
Forms blood cells
Attachment for muscles
Compose the entire skeleton

Question 17

Cartilage

Answer 17

Rigid matrix (rigid composition)
Cartilage cells -- chondrocytes in lucunae (speaces where the cells are found)
Poor blood supply
Three types:
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage

Question 18

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 18

Most abundant
Ends of bones
Nose, respiratory, passages
Embryonic skeleton

Question 19

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 19

Flexible

External ear, larynx (voice box)

Question 20

Fibrocartilage

Answer 20

Very tough
Shock absorber
Intervertebral discs (area between bones)
Cushions knee and pelvic girdle

Question 21

Blood

Answer 21

Fluid matrix called plasma
- red blood cells: transport gases (oxygen)
- white blood cells: fight infections
- platelets: clotting
Throughout body in blood vessels
Heart chamber

Question 22

Muscle Tissue

Answer 22

Muscle cells called muscle fibers
Contractile (shorten)
Three types:
- skeletal
- smooth
- cardiac

Question 23

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Answer 23

Attached to bones
Striated (has lines)
Voluntary

Question 24

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Answer 24

Walls of organs
Skin (organ but has smooth muscle)(goose bumps are the muscle)
Walls of blood vessels
Involuntary 
Not striated

Question 25

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Answer 25

Heart wall
Involuntary
Striated
Intercalated discs (allow the heart to keep going)

Question 26

Nervous Tissue

Answer 26

Found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves (the nerves sent out from the brain)
Basic cells are neurons
Neuroglial cells are supporting cells
Sensory reception
Conduction of nerve impulses

Question 27

Epithelial Membranes

Answer 27

Serous
Mucous
Cutaneous

Question 28

Serous Epithelial Membrane

Answer 28

Line body cavities that lack openings to outside
Reduce friction
Inner lining of thorax and abdomen
Cover organs of thorax and abdomen
Secrete serous fluid (liquid,watery)

Question 29

Mucous Epithelial Membrane

Answer 29

Line tubes and organs that open to outside world
Lining of mouth, nose, throat, etc.
Secrete mucous (thicker fluid)

Question 30

Cutaneous Epithelial Membrane

Answer 30

Covers body

Skin