Chapter 5 Tissues Part 2 Flashcards
Connective Tissue
Most abundant tissue type in the body Many functions: - bind structures - provide support and protection - serves as framework - fills spaces - stores fat - products blood cells - protects against infections - helps repair tissue damage Ha and abundance of extracellular matrix between CT cells - matrix: is made of fibers and ground substances (binds, supports, and provides medium for substance transfer) Have varying degrees of vascularity
Fibroblast CT
Fixed cell - reside in specific CT for extended time Most common cell Large, star-shaped Produce fibers (secretes protein) Blast builds
Macrophages
Wandering cells - move through temporarily
Phagocytic (scavenger)
Important in defense/immunity
Can eat it up or inactivate it
Goes to bad thing and rids the body of it
Originates as WBC (white blood cells)
Mast Cells
Fixed cell
Usually near BV (blood vessels)
Release heparin (clotting substance)
Release histamine (promotes reactions to inflammation & allergies)
Collagenous Fibers
Thick threads of collagen
Great tensile strength (super strong)
Very abundant in dense connective tissue (where ligaments and tendons are located)
Holds structures together
Tendons, ligaments
Keeps your body together even after wear and tear
Elastic Fibers
Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin Fibers branch Elastic Vocal cord, air passages Not as strong but very elastic
Reticular Firbers
Very thin, collagenous fibers
Highly branched
Form supportive networks in tissues such as spleen, liver, lymph organs
CT categories
CT Proper and Specialized CT
Connective Tissue Proper
Loose CT Adipose CT Reticular CT Dense CT Elastic CT (LARDE)
Specialized Connective Tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Loose CT
Mainly fibroblasts Elastic fibers Bind skin to structures Beneath most epithelium Between muscles
Adipose (fat) CT
Adipocytes – when they crowd out other cell types, they form adipose tissue
- cushion
- insulate
- store fats
- born with a certain number of fat cells, excess calories are converted to fat and stored
Reticular CT
Walls of liver, spleen, lymphatic organs
Highly branching
Dense CT
Bind body parts together
Tendons, ligaments, dermis (second layer of skin)
Poor blood supply
Elastic CT
Attachments between vertebrae
Walls of large arteries, airways, heart
Bone CT
Solid matrix Supports Protects Forms blood cells Attachment for muscles Compose the entire skeleton
Cartilage
Rigid matrix (rigid composition) Cartilage cells -- chondrocytes in lucunae (speaces where the cells are found) Poor blood supply Three types: - Hyaline - Elastic - Fibrocartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Most abundant
Ends of bones
Nose, respiratory, passages
Embryonic skeleton
Elastic Cartilage
Flexible
External ear, larynx (voice box)
Fibrocartilage
Very tough
Shock absorber
Intervertebral discs (area between bones)
Cushions knee and pelvic girdle
Blood
Fluid matrix called plasma - red blood cells: transport gases (oxygen) - white blood cells: fight infections - platelets: clotting Throughout body in blood vessels Heart chamber
Muscle Tissue
Muscle cells called muscle fibers Contractile (shorten) Three types: - skeletal - smooth - cardiac
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Attached to bones
Striated (has lines)
Voluntary
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Walls of organs Skin (organ but has smooth muscle)(goose bumps are the muscle) Walls of blood vessels Involuntary Not striated
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Heart wall
Involuntary
Striated
Intercalated discs (allow the heart to keep going)
Nervous Tissue
Found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves (the nerves sent out from the brain) Basic cells are neurons Neuroglial cells are supporting cells Sensory reception Conduction of nerve impulses
Epithelial Membranes
Serous
Mucous
Cutaneous
Serous Epithelial Membrane
Line body cavities that lack openings to outside Reduce friction Inner lining of thorax and abdomen Cover organs of thorax and abdomen Secrete serous fluid (liquid,watery)
Mucous Epithelial Membrane
Line tubes and organs that open to outside world
Lining of mouth, nose, throat, etc.
Secrete mucous (thicker fluid)
Cutaneous Epithelial Membrane
Covers body
Skin
