chapter 5 tissues Flashcards
epithelial tissue types (by location)
covering and lining, glandular epithelia
five characteristics of epithelial tissues
polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissues, avascular but innervated, can regenerate
apical surface of epithelial tissue
exposed to exterior or cavity, most have microvilli which increase surface areas
basal surface
where epithelium is attatched to a basement membrane
cellularity of epithelium cells
composed of tightly packed cells, minimal amount of extracellular matrix
basement membrane of epithelium tissue
composed of collagen, glycoproteins, and protoglycans Act like glue to strengthen the attachment and make a barrier between the epithelium and connective tissue
avascularity of epithelial tissue
all epithelial tissues lack blood vessels , nutrients are absrobed across or diffused
innervation of epithelial tissue
highly innervated to detect changes in the enviornment
describe the regeneration capacity of epithelial cells
HIGH undergo cell division frequently
what are the function of epithelial tissu e
physical protection, selective permeability, secretions and sensations
simple squamous epithelium function
allows for rapid diffusion and filtration and secretion in serous membranes
simple squamous epithelium location
air sacs, aveoli, lining of lumen of blood and lymph vessles, serous membranes
simple cuboidal epithelium function
absroption and secretion
simple cuboidal epithelium location
lining of kidney tubuels, secretory regions of ducts and most exocrine glands, thyroid gland follicles
non cilliated simple columnar epithelium function
absorption and secretion
non ciliated simple columnar epithelium location
most of digestive tract
ciliated simple columnar function
secretion of mucin and movement of mucous
ciliated simple columnar location
lining of larger air passageways
cilliated pseudostratified columnar location
lining of larger airways of respiratory tract
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium function
protection, secretion of muscin and movement of mucus
non ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium function
protection
non ciliated pseudostratified columar location
rare lining of male urethra
kertatinized stratified squamous epithelium function
protection of underlyign tissue
keratinized stratified squamous epithelum location
epidermis !!
nonkeratinized stratified squamous location
oral cavity lining, pharynx and larynx, esophagus, lining of vagina and anus
non keratinized stratifed squamous epithelium function
protecting of underlyting tissue from abrasion
stratified cubiodal function
protection and secretion
stratified cuboidal location
ducts of most exocrine glands
stratified columnar epithelium function
protection and secretion
stratified columnarlocation
large salivary ducts
transitional epithelium fucntion
accomodated urine volume changes
transitional epithelium location
limited to urinary tract
what tissue type has binucleated cells?
transitional epithelum
endocrine glands
LACK DUCTS and secrete their products into the blood stream
exocrine glands
CAN HAVE DUCTS and go any where that isnt the blood
merocrine gland (eccrine gland)
packages and releases through exocytosis
examples of merocrine glands
swear, lacrimal, salivary, pancreas and gastric
apocrine glands
content is produced and pinched off
apocrine gland examples
mammary gralnds, ceruminous glands of the ear, and smelly sweat
holocine glands
accumulation of a product then boom
holocrine glands example
sebacous glands of the skin
what do all connective tissues have in common?
cells, protein fibers and ground substance
cells of the connective tissues
fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal, fixed macrophages, wandering cells
types of protein fibers
collagen, reticular and elastic
describe collagen fibers
unbranched, cable like, strong flexible and resistant to streching
desscribe reituclar fibers
thinner than collagen but is branching foudn in the stroma, connective tissue framwork of organs such as lymphnodes spleen and liver
describe elastic fibers
strechy recoil,g go back to orginal shape
ground substance
glue, have GAGS
what are GAGS
glycoaminoglycans, poolysaccharide that attract and absorb water and affect the thickness of ground substance
proteoglycan
when GAG is linked to a protein which acts as a flue to bond connective tissue and ffibers to ground substance
general functions of connective tissue
physical protection, support, transport, binding of srtuctures, immune protection, storage
types of embryonic connective tissue
mesnchyme - fetus
muscous conenctive tissue- umbillical cord
connective tissue proper divided into what groups
loose and dense
loose connective tissue
fewer cells and protein fibers than dense abundant ground substance
loose connective tissue examples
areolar adipose reticular
areolar tissue function
protects tissues and organs, bunds skin and stuff to deeper tissue
areolar tissue location
papilary region of the dermis surrounds organs, nerve cells, muscle cells and parts of blood vessel walls
adipose connective tissue location
subcutaneous layer, surrounds and covers some organs
adipose connective tissue function
stores energy, insulates, cushions and protects
reticular connective tissue location
spleen, lymphnodes and red bone marrow
reticular connective tissue function
provides (stroma) supportive framework tp lymphatic organs
dense connective tissue
composed primarily of protein fibers and less ground substance than loose, collagen fibers are typically dominant
examples of dense connective tissue
dense regular connective tissue, dense irregular and elastic
dense regular connective function
attatches bone to bone and muscle to bone collagensss
dense regular connective location
tendons and ligaments
dense irregular connective function
withstand stress in all directions, has collagens
dense irregular connective locaation
reticular layer of the dermis, epumysium covering skeletal msucle, coveringcartilages
elastic conenctive tissue loaction
walls of elastic arteries, trachea, vocal cords
elastic connective function
stretching and recoil, has elastin
supporting connective tissue general function
strong durable framwork that protects and supports the soft body tissue, extracellular matrix is semisolid or hard and has many protein fibers;
two types of supporting connective tissue
cartilage and bone
types of cartilage tissue
hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic cartialge
chondrocytes
mature cartilage cells which occupy small spaces called LACUNAE is avascular
hyaline cartilage fucntion
support, forms most of fetal skeleton
hyaline cartilage location
tip of nose, costal cartilage , growth plates and articular ends of long bones
fibrocartilage location
intervertebral discs, pubic symphsis, mensinci of knee joints
fibrocartilage function
weight bearing cartilage that resists compression, acts sometimes as a shock absorber
elastic cartilage function
maintain shape while permitting LOTS of flexibillity
elastic cartilage location
external ear, epiglottis
bone connective tissue
makes up most of bones, extensively vascularized,
osteocytes
mature bone cells and are housed in lacunae
fibroblasts
reticular cells
types of fluid connective tissue
blood and lymph
blood tissue
made of formed elements , ground substance is plasma,
blood function
transport gases, leukocytes, platlets lots of stuff
blood location
primary in blood vessels and in heart
muscle tissue
highly vascularized, responsible for most types of movement
types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac and smooth
skeletal msucle tissue function
moving skeleton and thermoregulation
skeleteal msucle location
attatches to bone and sometimes skin, forms external urethral and anal sphicters
cardiac muscle tissue function
pump blood through heart
cardiac muscle tissue location
heart wall
intercalated discs
in ONLY cardiac muscle tissue, intercellular junctions between cells made of desmosomes and gap junctions
smooth muscle tissue function
INVOLUNTARY, moves and propels materials through internal organs, controls the size of the lumen lacks striations
smooth muscle tissue location
walls of hollow internal organs, intestines, stomach airways etcc…
nervous tissue examples
neurons and glial cells
nervous tissue fucntion
communication using nerve impluses and glial cells support neurons
nervous tissue location
brain spinal cord and nerves
mucous membrane
lines passageways and compartments that lead to external environment
serous membrane
lines body cavities produce serous fluid,
parietal layer
lines inside of body cavity
visceral layer
lines the surface of the organ, touches it
cutaneous membrane
skin
synovial membrane
reduces friction on along moving bone parts
