Chapter 5: Tissues Flashcards
Define tissues
Groups of cells working together toward a common funciton
Define histology
Study of tissues
What are the 4 types of tissues and what are some general characteristics?
Epithelial (Surface, Linings and Secretions), Connective (Cells in a Supportive Matrix, Muscular(Movement), Nervous(Information transfer and Integration)
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?(6)
Cellularity, polarity, attachment to basement membrane, avascularity, extensive innervation, and high regeneration rate
What are the four main functions of epithelial tissue?
Physical protection, selective permeability, secretions, sensation
How do you classify epithelium?
Type of cell and amount of cell layers
Describe simple squamous epithelium and indicate chief functions and locations
single layer of flat scaly cells; rapid diffusion and filtration; lining small blood vessels (endothelium), alveoli, serous membranes (mesothelium)
Describe simple cuboidal epithelium and indicate chief functions and locations
Describe simple columnar epithelium and indicate chief functions and locations
single layer with cells as tall as they are wide; absorption & secretion; lining of kidney tubules; secretory regions of most exocrine glands; surface of ovary
Describe stratified squamous epithelium and indicate chief functions and locations
multiple layers of flattened cells; basal cells and apical cells; keratinized or nonkeratinized; protection; epidermis of skin, lining of oral cavity, pharynx , larynx, esophagus, lining of vagina and anus
Describe stratified cuboidal epithelium and indicate chief functions and locations
multiple layers of cuboidal epithelium of cells that are as tall as they are wide; protection & secretion; ducts of most exocrine glands and ovarian follicles
Describe pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and indicate chief functions and locations
single layer of cells of varying heights, all cells connect to basement membrane but not all reach apical surface; have goblet cells that secrete mucin; protection & secretion of mucin; lining of larger airways of respiratory tract, including nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Describe transitional epithelium and indicate chief functions and locations
packed together hexagonal cuboidal cells that vary depending on relax or distended; accommodates volume changes; lining of urinary bladder, ureters and part of urethra
Define gland
Either unicellular or multicellular organs that secrete substances either for use elsewhere in the body or for elimination from the body
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Exocrine glands secrete products through a duct and onto a surface; Endocrine glands do not have ducts and deliver their products (hormones) directly into the blood stream
What is a unicellular gland? Give an example
Unicellular: Goblet Cells
What is a multicellular gland? Give an example?
Multicellular: Pituitary Gland
What are the three types of exocrine glands?
Merocrine glands (exocytosis, salivary glands), Apocrine glands (secretions form at tip of apical surface of cell; mammary glands), Holocrine glands (entire cell lost: sebaceous glands)
What are the common types of cells found in connective tissue?
resident cells and wandering cells
What are the resident cells in connective tissue?
fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells, fixed macrophages
What are the wandering cells in connective tissue?
leukocytes
What are the common types of fibers found in connective tissue?
collagen (provide strength), reticular (provide stroma), elastic (provide elasticity)
What is extracellular matrix?
where connective tissue fibers and ground substance reside
What is ground substance?
amorphous nonliving material produced by connective tissue cells. make up of water and proteins
