Chapter 5-Therapeutics Flashcards
Gauze is used for what type of injuries?
Open wounds. non stick variety is common for burns.
Occlusive dressing is used for?
Covering an IV site.
Gauze roller bandage used for?
Stabilizing impaled objects
Triangular bandages are used for ?
Supporting injured extremities. Secure splints and hold dressings in place.
Eye dressing is used for?
Protecting an injured eye from additional damage
Tensor bandage used for?
Supporting injured extremities, caring for sprains and strains.
Trauma dressing is for?
Large, open wounds.
Burn dressing used for?
Burn care
Nasal cannula liters per min?
1-6 LPM
Non re-breather litres per min?
11LPM
Bag valve mask LPM?
15LPM
What’s a hypotonic fluid?
Hypotonic fluid has lower solute concentration than the cell, this will cause fluid to shift from bloodstream to cells-rehydrating them. EX:0.45% Sodium chloride saline (half of normal saline) give to patients if they have hypernatrimia (high sodium levels)
What’s is oxygen carrying solution
Artificial blood substitutes used to transport oxygen in the blood. Potentially sub to blood transfusions. Ex-hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOC’s)
Crystalloid solution is what?
A type of IV solution, containing small water soluble molecules. Like electrolytes that freely distribute throughout the body’s fluid compartments. Ex- Isotonic and hypertonic solutions.
Colloid solutions are what?
Primarily used for volume expansion in situations where rapid fluid resuscitation is needed. Ex-burns and severe hemorrhage.
•Can rapidly expand intravascular volume and maintain BP.
•contains large molecules(protein &starch)
•remains primarily within intravascular space due to its larger particles. Prevents it from passing through capillary membranes.
Isotonic solutions are what?
Is a solution with salt concentration that is exactly equal to that of the blood cells. Ex- normal saline (0.9%)
Commonly given to: replace fluid loss (vomiting, diarrhea)
Clean wounds without damaging cells.
Hypertonic solutions are?
Has MORE solute than hypo, moves out of the cell and into the bloodstream. Ex-3% saline
Useful to reduce swelling in brain ICP (intracranial pressure)
•Osmotic gradient pulls fluids out of Brain tissue and into blood vessels thereby lowering ICP.
Adult CPR (anyone 12+yo)
•Hand position: two hands on sternum
•compression depth: 2inches
•one responder cycle: 30:2
•2 responder cycle: 30:2
•compression rate(BPM): 100-120
Neonate cpr (birth-28days old)
•Hand position: Two fingers on sternum
•Compression depth: 1/3rd chest depth
•one responder cycle: 3:1
•two responder cycle: 3:1
•Compression rate(BPM): 100-120
CPR child (age 1-12)
•Hand position: one or two hands on sternum.
•Compression depth: 1/3rd chest depth
•one responder cycle: 30:2
•2 responder cycle: 15:2
Compression rate(BPM); 100-120
CPR infant (under 1yo)
•Hand position: 2 fingers on sternum.
•Compression depth:1/3rd chest depth
•one responder cycle:30:2
•2 responder cycle: 15:2
•Compression rate(BPM): 100-120
Stridor is what?
High pitched noise, primarily during inhalation 🫁 indicative of a blockage in the upper airway.
Examples include.
Croup, epiglottitis, inhalation burn, anaphylaxis and foreign body obstruction
Crackles (Rales) is what?
Popping/crackling noise, often heard during inhalation 🫁 suggests fluid in the lungs.
Examples.
Early onset pneumonia (uni lateral lung sounds)
Bilateral lung sounds, high BP, w pink frothy sputum (congestive heart failure)
Absent/decreased breath sounds is what?
On one lung side may be pneumothorax.
Or can be severe Asthma, anaphylaxis or COPD, airways that are so tight you hear nothing (absent chest)
Ronchi means?
Low pitched, Often heard during exhalation 🫁
Hyper secretion of mucus or infection in lungs (green/yellow color)
Suggests pneumonia.
Wheezing means what?
High pitched, whistle noise. often heard during exhalation 🫁 bronchoconstriction (tight lower airway)
Asthma, anaphylaxis and copd are examples
Pleural rub is what?
Grating sound often heard during both inhalation and exhalation 🫁 the inflamed lung rubs against the lung lining_.
Closed chest wounds are often caused by blunt force trauma?
True!
Crepitus is a sign of pelvic fracture
True
Treatment plan for open wounds is ice, compression and elevate/splint?
No!!!! Open wounds need to be cleaned first to prevent infection. Then you can elevate and ice if needed.
Patient has pen impailed in right eye, stabilize own and dress only right eye?
FALSE. You need to dress both eyes to prevent movement of the injured eye
Acetaminophen has the same effect as ASA in reducing damage due to myocardial infarctions? (Heart attacks)
False, ASA thins blood, preventing blood clots from forming/growing. Acetaminophen doesn’t offer the same benefits.
Another name for pneumothorax is collapsed lungs 🫁
Correct!
Steps to manage airway obstruction in an unconscious infant?
1)open baby’s mouth look in airway, if you see object carefully remove it.
2) attempt to ventilate, if unsuccessful, reopen airway and attempt ventilation again
3) preform chest compressions
4)open airway in mouth, if you see object Remove it. Repeat steps 2-4 until successful or ALS arrives.
What’s a traction splint?
Applies constant steady pull to opposite ends of the extremities. Primarily used for femur fractures 🦴 🤕
Soft splint?
Folded blankets or towels. typically a triangular bandage is used to secure dressings/splint in place. Most likely used on a joint injury like ankle or wrist.
Rigid splint?
Hard, inflexible comes in a range of sizes
Anatomical splint?
An arm immobilized against chest
What’s the most frequent cause of airway obstruction in unconscious adults?
Tongue 👅👅
When epi pen has been administered how long do you hold it in place?
10 seconds
When placing a pregnant patient on a supine board, typically in later stages of pregnancy. What precautions do you need to take?
Tilt board to left approx 15-30 degrees
An EMR is treating an unconscious male who’s unable to maintain his airway. An airway adjunct is necessary and EMR decides to insert OPA. Which should you do first?
Clear upper airway of all secretions (blood, vomit ect)
What is your priority in helping an elderly woman who’s lethargic and has a spo2 level of less than 92% on room air?
Administer high flow oxygen, typically a non re-breather (flow rate of 10-15lpm)
What’s the best for a patient you need to move who has a possible head injury?
Clothes drag.
You start care for unresponsive and Choking female, your first ventilation isn’t going in, you should??
Reposition the head, then attempt another ventilation.
