Chapter 5 - Therapeutic Drug Categories Flashcards
NSAIDs side effects
GI = dyspepsia, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, peptic ulcer, bleeding
Hematological effects: aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and decreases hepatic synthesis of blood coagulation factors
NSAIDs contraindications
previous hypersensitivity or severe allergic reaction to aspirin
- experienced bronchospasm
- GI lesions, sickle cell, blood thinners
corticosteroids
serve as metabolic and electrolyte regulators of organ systems in the human body
glucocorticosteroids
regulate carbohydate metabolism
- decrease inflammation, immune system suppression, stimulategluconeogenesis
mineralocorticosteroids
regulate electrolyte balance
- affect electrolytes and fluid balance, sodium and fluid retention
- potassium and hydrogen excretion
corticosteroids: treatment options
- intrasynovial injection
- intraairticular injection
- iontophoresis
inhaled corticosteroids
respiratory conditions that have inflammation as a major cause
- treat asthma
- benefits may not be realized until 1 to 4 weeks of therapy
Corticosteroids side effects
- increase appetite, insomnia, fluid retention, GI disturbances
- dry mouth, sore throat,oropharyngeal fungal infections
Bronchodilators
- b agonists
- cause a widening of airways
- albuterol
side effects of bronchodilators
tremor nervousness dizziness headache tachycardia
Leukotriene-modifying respiratory medications
competitive antagonists of leukotriene receptors or inhibitors leukotriene synthesis
- cause dilation of the bronchial smooth muscle
Mast Cell-stabilizing Medication
- inhibit the release of histamine from bronchial mast cells, as well as attenuation cough reflexes
- considered to be less potent
Anticholinergic agents
relax bronchial smooth muscle
- short acting and long acting
- effective for asthma and COPD
Antihistamines
block histamine receptors
first generation (sedating)
older agents with a much higher incidence of anticholinergic adverse effects
- seasonal allergies and some cold symptoms
- drowsiness, muscular weakness, dizziness
second generation (non sedation)
used to treat and prevent seasonal allergies and to treat chronic idiopathic urticaria
Decongestants
- stimulate primarily the alpha adrenergic receptors
- vasoconstriction in the nasal mucosa
- pseudo ephedrine commonly used
- side effects: nervousness, dizziness, weakness, insomnia, headache
narcotic analgesics
- stimulate opiate receptors
- codeine, hydrocodone
- alters the way pain is perceived (analgesia)
narcotic analgesics: side effects
- constipation
- addiction
local anesthetics
- temporary localized loss of sensory function
- block nerve conduction
- may cause burning or tingling
antibiotics
- bacterial infections
- disruption of cell wall
- cytoplasmic metabolism
- dna
- protein synthesis
- they may make you feel like crap
antivirals
- treat herpes and influenza
antifungals
- tinea pedis, corporis, cruris
vitamin k antagonists
oral anticoagulats
- heparin injections followed by medication (warfarin)
