Chapter 5 - Therapeutic Drug Categories

Question 1

NSAIDs side effects

Answer 1

GI = dyspepsia, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, peptic ulcer, bleeding
Hematological effects: aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and decreases hepatic synthesis of blood coagulation factors

Question 2

NSAIDs contraindications

Answer 2

previous hypersensitivity or severe allergic reaction to aspirin

• experienced bronchospasm
• GI lesions, sickle cell, blood thinners

Question 3

corticosteroids

Answer 3

serve as metabolic and electrolyte regulators of organ systems in the human body

Question 4

glucocorticosteroids

Answer 4

regulate carbohydate metabolism

- decrease inflammation, immune system suppression, stimulategluconeogenesis

Question 5

mineralocorticosteroids

Answer 5

regulate electrolyte balance

• affect electrolytes and fluid balance, sodium and fluid retention
• potassium and hydrogen excretion

Question 6

corticosteroids: treatment options

Answer 6

• intrasynovial injection
• intraairticular injection
• iontophoresis

Question 7

inhaled corticosteroids

Answer 7

respiratory conditions that have inflammation as a major cause

• treat asthma
• benefits may not be realized until 1 to 4 weeks of therapy

Question 8

Corticosteroids side effects

Answer 8

• increase appetite, insomnia, fluid retention, GI disturbances
• dry mouth, sore throat,oropharyngeal fungal infections

Question 9

Bronchodilators

Answer 9

• b agonists
• cause a widening of airways
• albuterol

Question 10

side effects of bronchodilators

Answer 10

tremor
nervousness
dizziness
headache
tachycardia

Question 11

Leukotriene-modifying respiratory medications

Answer 11

competitive antagonists of leukotriene receptors or inhibitors leukotriene synthesis
- cause dilation of the bronchial smooth muscle

Question 12

Mast Cell-stabilizing Medication

Answer 12

• inhibit the release of histamine from bronchial mast cells, as well as attenuation cough reflexes
• considered to be less potent

Question 13

Anticholinergic agents

Answer 13

relax bronchial smooth muscle

• short acting and long acting
• effective for asthma and COPD

Question 14

Antihistamines

Answer 14

block histamine receptors

Question 15

first generation (sedating)

Answer 15

older agents with a much higher incidence of anticholinergic adverse effects

• seasonal allergies and some cold symptoms
• drowsiness, muscular weakness, dizziness

Question 16

second generation (non sedation)

Answer 16

used to treat and prevent seasonal allergies and to treat chronic idiopathic urticaria

Question 17

Decongestants

Answer 17

• stimulate primarily the alpha adrenergic receptors
• vasoconstriction in the nasal mucosa
• pseudo ephedrine commonly used
• side effects: nervousness, dizziness, weakness, insomnia, headache

Question 18

narcotic analgesics

Answer 18

• stimulate opiate receptors
• codeine, hydrocodone
• alters the way pain is perceived (analgesia)

Question 19

narcotic analgesics: side effects

Answer 19

• constipation

- addiction

Question 20

local anesthetics

Answer 20

• temporary localized loss of sensory function
• block nerve conduction
• may cause burning or tingling

Question 21

antibiotics

Answer 21

• bacterial infections
• disruption of cell wall
• cytoplasmic metabolism
• dna
• protein synthesis
• they may make you feel like crap

Question 22

antivirals

Answer 22

• treat herpes and influenza

Question 23

antifungals

Answer 23

• tinea pedis, corporis, cruris

Question 24

vitamin k antagonists

Answer 24

oral anticoagulats

- heparin injections followed by medication (warfarin)