Chapter 5: The Structure of RNA

Question 1

True or False:

RNA has OH that replaces H at the 2’ carbon of the sugar

Answer 1

True

Question 2

what is the difference between Thymine and Uracil?

Answer 2

Absence of CH3 on the uracil

Question 3

True or False:

RNA is genetic material

Answer 3

FALSE

Question 4

Why can RNA form more complex structures and functions than DNA?

Answer 4

RNA has more flexibility

Question 5

True or False:

dsDNA is typically A form, while dsRNA is B form

Answer 5

FALSE

dsDNA is typically B FORM, and dsRNA is A form

Question 6

RNA’s are often stabilized by …

Answer 6

proteins and divalent cations

Question 7

Define Riboswitches

Answer 7

Controls gene expression in response to changes in the concentration of metabolites. Found in the 5’ utr of the genes they control. They also regulate expression at the level of transcription or translation

Question 8

What is the RNA world hypothesis?

Answer 8

Theorizes that primitive life based completely on RNA. Ribosome is composed of both NRA and protein, but peptide bond formation is catalyzed by RNA. Which indicates that RNA came first.

Question 9

How does RNA serve as a shuttle?

Answer 9

mRNA transfers genetic information from DNA (in nucleus) to ribosome (in cytoplasm), no tertiary structure

Question 10

How does RNA serve as an adaptor?

Answer 10

Decoded information (tRNA), tertiary structure due to intramolecular interactions

Question 11

How does RNA serve as structural?

Answer 11

rRNA is a component of ribosome, catalyzes peptide bond formation, tertiary structure

Question 12

How does RNA serve as an enzyme?

Answer 12

Can form tertiary structure and act as a ribozymes can catalyze reactions

Question 13

How does RNA serve to regulate?

Answer 13

miRNA, siRNA, riboswitches, RNase P (generates tRNAs), spliceosome, hammerhead, introns

Question 14

True or False:

RNA is usually found as a single strand, unlike DNA.

Answer 14

True

It allows for RNA to fold on itself

Question 15

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 15

Ribosomes performs translation

Question 16

Translation

Answer 16

Catalyzing peptide bond formation and synthesizing proteins from mRNA using tRNAs, GTP, and elongation, initiation, and release factors

Question 17

True or False:

RNA is more diverse than proteins

Answer 17

FALSE

Question 18

Ribozyme

Answer 18

A RNA molecule capable of catalyzing a chemical reaction

Question 19

This supports the RNA World Hypothesis

Answer 19

A2451,U2506,U2585, and A2602 are universally conserved. They catalyzed the peptide bond

Question 20

What is the Great Filter?

Answer 20

The Great Filter is a potential barrier to life, which is either ahead of us or behind us

Question 21

Peptide bond formation is catalyzed by ….

Answer 21

highly conserved nucleotides

Question 22

True or False:

Protein subunits regulate ribosome initiation, elongation, and termination

Answer 22

True