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PCB 3522: Molecular Biology I > Chapter 2: Nucleic Acids Convey Genetic Information > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Nucleic Acids Convey Genetic Information Flashcards

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1
Q

Homopolymers built from single enzymes are …

A

Lipids and carbohydrates

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2
Q

Polypeptide chains, non repetitive heteropolymers are called …

A

Proteins

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3
Q

What is the Central Dogma?

A

DNA –> RNA –> Protein

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4
Q

This procedure involves bacteria culture exposed to UV light and grown on a completely different media

A

Replica plating

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5
Q

The major classes of macromolecules

A

Lipids and carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acid

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6
Q

Polynucleotide chains are called …

A

Nucleic acid

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7
Q

Can the order of amino acids (which are non-repetitive) be determined by enzymes

A

Enzymes cannot specify order for non-repetitive heteropolymers

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8
Q

Grifftih’s experimented with _________ __________

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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9
Q

The Two strains used in Griffith’s pneumoniae are …..

A
  1. Rough strain (R)

2. Smooth strain (S)

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10
Q

True or False:

The Rough strain (R) of Griffith’s Pneumoniae experiment is non-pathogenic

A

True

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11
Q

True or False:

The smooth strain (S) of Griffith’s pneumoniae experiment is non-pathogenic

A 
FALSE
Smooth strain (S) is pathogenic (virulent), has a polysaccharide capsule to protect itself from the immune system
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12
Q

True or False:

Non-viruent R strains gain virulence when mixed with heat-killed S virulent strains.

A

True

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13
Q

Transformation is the process by which …

A

R strains were transformed into S strains by heat killed extracts of virulent S

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14
Q

What experiment set the stage for identifying DNA as the genetic material

A

Griffith’s Pneumonia experiment

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15
Q

Who followed up on Griffiths experiment and discovered that DNA was the transforming agent

A

Oswald Avery

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16
Q

The avery experiment demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material because

A

S. pneumoniae extracts digested with deoxyribonuclease disrupted the transformation

17
Q

Chargaff’s Experiment consist of …

A

A=T
G=C
Disproves the tetra-nucleotide hypothesis

18
Q

Hershey Chase experiment involved studying

A

Bacteriophage T2, a virus that infects a bacterial host

19
Q

Bacteriophage undergoes 4 steps:

A

1) absorption
2) penetration
3) replication
4) release of virions

20
Q

The first to synthesize ATP and showed DNA chains are held together by 3’–>5’ phosphodiester bonds

A

Alexander Todd

21
Q

Rosalind Franklin

A

Took an image of DNA which confirmed DNA is helical and composed of two strands

22
Q

If Hershey and Chase found S(35) in progeny phages rather then P(32), their experiment would have demonstrated that …

A

phage protein enters the host cell

23
Q

Nucleotide is the composition of ..

A

Base, sugar, and phosphate

24
Q

Synthesis direction of DNA strand is

A

5’ –> 3’

25
Q

DNA template is read

A

3’ –> 5’

26
Q

Who studied DNA replication using N(14) and N(15) diffetential labeling of DNA and cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation to show separation of complementary strands during DNA replication?

A

Meselson and Stahl

27
Q

Meselson and Stahl’s conservative replication is …

A

One daughter dsDNA is heavy (both original strands) and the other daughters dsDNA is light (both newly synthesized strands)

28
Q

Meselson and Stahl’s semiconservative replication is …

A

Each of two daughters dsDNA should be of hybrid density (one original. one newly synthesized strand)

29
Q

Meselson and Stahl’s dispersive replication is …

A

dsDNA strands broken every ~10 bp and used to prime synthesis. Both strands contain both old and new DNA, after the first few generations DNA is predominately light

30
Q

Who proved DNA replication is semiconservative

A

Meselson and Stahl

31
Q

In the Meselson and Stahl experiment, when starting with N(15) DNA, what would be found after one generation of replication when switching to N(14)

A

Hybrid DNA only (N(15)/N(14))

32
Q

DNA –> RNA

What is the process called?

A

Transcription

33
Q

RNA –> Protein

A

Translation

34
Q

True of False:

RNA has an OH on the 2’ carbon

A

TRUE

35
Q

Alternator adaptor molecule

A

Where amino acids are first attached to a specific adaptor that recognize both the amino acid and RNA. Proposed by Crick.

36
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA

A
  • Amino acid + ATP –> aminoacyl-AMP

- Aminoacyl-AMP +tRNA –> AMP +aminoacyl-tRNA (acyl linkage)

37
Q

Transcription uses a ________ that recognizes sequences at -10 and -35

A

Sigma factor

38
Q

What are the two types of termination?

A

Rho dependent and Rho independent

PCB 3522: Molecular Biology I (8 decks)

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