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PCB 3522: Molecular Biology I > Chapter 1: The Mendelian View of the World > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Mendelian View of the World Flashcards

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1
Q

Published molecular structure of nucleic acid that proposed double helical structure

A

James watson and Francis crick

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2
Q

Studied the transmission of heredity from one generation to another

A

Gregor mendel

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3
Q

This experiment illustrates the behavior of each pair of differing traits in a hybrid association is independent of all other differences in the two parental plants

A

Mendels “Experiments in plant hybridization”

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4
Q

Alternate forms of a gene pair that control a characteristic

A

Alleles

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5
Q

RR, rr, YY, yy

A

Homozygous

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6
Q

Rr, Yy

A

Heterozygous

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7
Q

R and Y

A

Dominant

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8
Q

r and y

A

Recessive

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9
Q

Bred True

A

Produces progeny with a characteristic identical to the parental strains

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10
Q

F1 x F1

A

F2 generation

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11
Q

True breeding parents are crossed to produce

A

F1 generation

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12
Q

3:1 phenotypic ratio and 1:2:1: genotypic ratio

A

F2 generation

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13
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Neither dominant nor recessive. Mixes well

Red x White = Pink

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14
Q

Snap dragons flowers are an example of …

A

incomplete dominance

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15
Q

Co dominance

A

Neither allele is dominant over the other. No intermediate phenotype. Does not mix well
Red x White = Red/white

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16
Q

When one gene modifies another

A

Epistasis

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17
Q

Traits controlled by two or more genes

A

polygenic

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18
Q

What reproduction process produces daughter calls (2n –> 2n)

A

Mitosis

19
Q

What reproduction process produces gametes (2n –> 1n)

A

Meiosis

20
Q

Crossing over occurs in

A

meiosis I

21
Q
  1. Genes located on separate chromosomes

2. Genes are far apart on same chromosome

A

Two rules of Independent Assortment

22
Q

Genotype

A

Actual genes

23
Q

Diploid

A

2n = 46 chromosomes

24
Q

Haploid

A

n = 23 chromosomes

25
Q

Segregation

A

Separation of two alleles

26
Q

Independent assortment

A

Independent sorting of two different traits

27
Q

This event between two traits restores the original phenotype, resulting in a non-recombinant offspring

A

Double crossover

28
Q

What can be performed to determine gene order

A

a single three-factor cross

29
Q

Which gene is in the middle of the double cross over?

  • 675 ABC, abc
  • 25 abC,ABc
  • 75 AbC, aBc
  • 225 Abc, aBC
A

C

30
Q

Multiple traits can be used to determine relative positions of genes on a ____________

A

Genetic map (linkage map)

31
Q

1 cM = __ % chance of crossing over

A

1

32
Q

Recombination frequency of 28% means

A

C. They are linked on the same chromosome

33
Q

One gene pair sorts independently of another gene pair

A

Independent assortment

34
Q

Law of Segregation

A

Genes occur in pairs (allelles) and at the time of gamete formation, one of each pair enters the gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, the other half the other allele

35
Q

Law of Independent assortment

A

Genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes

36
Q

Principle of Dominance

A

Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive, and an organism with at least one dominant allele have the dominant phenotype

37
Q

True or False:

Independent assortment of two traits shows a F2 generation that has a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio

A

TRUE

38
Q

True or False:

Allele pairs never segregate

A

FALSE

39
Q

True or False:
The principle of segregation states that genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes

A

FALSE

40
Q

AaBbcc x AabbCC, probability for aaBbCc

A

1/4 x 1/2 x 1 = 1/8

41
Q

From an RrYy x RrYy cross, calculate the probability for genotype RRYy

A

1/4 x 1/2 = 1/8

42
Q

Sex linkage

A

Genes linked to chromosomes

43
Q

True or false:
Regarding McClintock’s and Creighton’s experiment with corn, the dominant phenotype could only appear as a result of crossing over

A

FALSE

The RECESSIVE phenotype could only appear as a result of crossing over

PCB 3522: Molecular Biology I (8 decks)

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