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Bio 137 > Chapter 5: The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

Superficial region

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2
Q

Dermis

A

Middle region

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3
Q

Hypodermis

A

Deepest region

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4
Q

The epidermis is made up of

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

Keratinocytes produce

A

Fibrous protein keratin

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6
Q

Melanocytes produce

A

Pigmented melanin

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7
Q

Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells are

A

Macrophages that help activate immune system

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8
Q

Tactile (Merkel) cells are

A

Touch receptors

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9
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Most superficial layer; 20-30 layers of dead cells represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin. Glycolipids in extra cellular space

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10
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Three to five layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellated granules and keratohyaline granules

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11
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Several layers of keratinocytes unified by desmosomes. Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

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12
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stem cells; some Newley formed cells become part of the more superficial layers.

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13
Q

Journey from basal layer to surface takes

A

25-45 days

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14
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Cells contain weblike system of intermediate prekeratin filaments attached to desmosomes. Interlock to support skin

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15
Q

What layer of the epidermis initiates keratinization

A

Stratum granulosum

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16
Q

Is three-quarters of the epidermal thickness and protects from abrasion and penetration, waterproofs, and is a barrier against biological, chemical and physical assaults

A

Stratum corneum

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17
Q

Is strong, flexible connective tissue. Cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and white blood cells

A

Dermis

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18
Q

The papillary layer of the dermis is made of

A

Loose connective tissue

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19
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis is made of

A

Dense connective tissue

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20
Q

What layer of the dermis has areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels

A

Papillary layer

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21
Q

Dermal papillae contain

A

Capillary loops
Meissners corpuscles
Free nerve endings

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22
Q

Capillary loops do what

A

Nourish the epidermis

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23
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles are

A

Sensory touch receptors

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24
Q

Free nerve endings send

A

Signals to the brain for touch, pain, pressure, and temperature

25
What layer of the dermis is approximately 80% of the thickness, has collagen fibers to provide strength and resiliency and elastic fibers to provide stretch-recoil properties
Reticular layer
26
Epidermal ridges lie atop deeper dermal papillary ridges to form
Friction ridges of fingerprints
27
Collagen fibers arranged in bundles form
Cleavage (tension) lines
28
What are the three pigments that contribute to skin color
1. Melanin 2. Carotene 3. Hemoglobin
29
What is sensitive to UV light and has a yellow to reddish-brown to black color and is responsible for dark skin colors
Melanin
30
Is yellow to orange and is most obvious in the palms and soles
Carotene
31
Is responsible for the pinkish hue of skin
Hemoglobin
32
What are the two main types of sweat (suboriferous) glands
Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland and apocrine sweat glands
33
What type of sweat gland is abundant on the palms, soles and forehead; sweat 99% water; and function is thermoregulation
Eccrine ( merocrine) sweat glands
34
What sweat gland is confined to axillary and anogenital areas;
Apocrine glands
35
What is sebum
Sweat + fatty substances and proteins
36
What glands are in the external ear canal and secrete cerumen
Ceruminous glands
37
What glands secrete milk instead of sweat
Mammary glands
38
What glands are widely distributed, most develop from hair follicles, become active at puberty
Sebaceous (oil) glands
39
What alerts the body to presence of insects on the skin and guards the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight
Hair
40
What are the 3 parts to a hair
Medulla, cortex, cuticle
41
Is in the center of the hair and contains soft keratin and air
Medulla
42
Is the innermost thickest layer of hair and has the pigment that gives it color
Cortex
43
Is the outermost layer of a hair, has cells that overlap like scales.
Cuticle
44
What part of a hair extends from the epidermal surface into the dermis
Hair follicle
45
What part of a hair is the expanded deep end and provides nutrients
Hair bulb
46
What part of a hair follicle is stimulated when the hair is bent
Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus)
47
The part of the hair follicle responsible for goosebumps and has smooth muscle attached to the follicle
Arrector pili
48
Is hair thinning in both sexes after the age of 40
Alopecia
49
Is a genetically determined and sex influenced condition and is caused by follicular response to DHT
True (frank) baldness
50
What are the three major types of skin cancer
1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Melanoma
51
Cancer caused when stratum basale cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis and hypodermis
Basal cell carcinoma
52
Cancer that involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum and most common on scalp, ears, lower lip, and hands
Squamous cell carcinoma
53
Cancer than involves melanocytes and is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy
Melanoma
54
A burn with epidermal damage only and has localized redness, edema, and pain
First degree
55
A burn that causes epidermal and upper dermal damage. Blisters appear
Second degree burn
56
Burn where entire thickness of skin is damaged
Third degree
57
Covering of delicate hairs in 5th and 6th month of pregnancy
Lanugo coat
58
Sebaceous gland secretion that protects skin of fetus
Vernix caseosa
59
Skin consist of three major regions
Epidermis Dermis Hypodermics

Bio 137 (3 decks)

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