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Bio 137 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Internal communication

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2
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contracts to cause movement

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3
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters

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4
Q

Connective tissue

A

Supports, protects, binds other tissues together

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5
Q

Two main types of epithelium

A
  1. Covering and lining

2. Glandular

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6
Q

Simple epithelium

A

1 layer

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7
Q

Stratified epithelium has how many layers

A

More than 1

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8
Q

Describe simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer of flattened cells with disc shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm. The simplest of the epithelial

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9
Q

What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium

A

Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae

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10
Q

Location of simple squamous epithelium

A

Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of central body cavity

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11
Q

Endothelium

A

The lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and heart

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12
Q

Mesothelium

A

The epithelium of serous membranes in the ventral body cavity

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13
Q

Describe simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Single layer of cube like cells with large, spherical central nuclei

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14
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Secretion and absorption

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15
Q

Location of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

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16
Q

Description of simple columnar epithelium

A

Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus secreting unicellular glands

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17
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Ductless glands

Secrete hormones that travel through lymph or blood to target organs

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18
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete products into ducts

Secretions released into body surfaces or into body cavities

19
Q

The only important unicellular gland is

A

Goblet cell

20
Q

Multicellular exocrine glands are composed of

A

A duct and a secretory unit

21
Q

Merocrine

A

Products are secreted by exocytosis

22
Q

Holocrine

A

Products are secreted by rupture of gland cells

23
Q

Is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type

A

Connective tissue

24
Q

Major functions of connective tissue are

A

Binding and support
Protection
Insulation
Transportation

25
Q

Ground substances are

A

Medium through which solutes diffuse between blood capillaries and cells

26
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Strongest and most abundant type

Provides high tensile strength

27
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch

28
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers

29
Q

Blasts

A

Mitotically active and secretory cells

30
Q

Cytes

A

Mature cells

31
Q

Mesenchyme is

A

Embryonic connective tissue

32
Q

Mucous membranes or mucosae

A

Line body cavities open to the exterior

33
Q

Serous membranes or serosae

A

Membranes in a closed ventral body cavity

34
Q

Parietal serosae

A

Line internal body walls

35
Q

Visceral serosae

A

Cover internal organs

36
Q

Steps of tissue repair are

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Organization and restored blood supply
  3. Regeneration and fibrosis
37
Q

What happens in inflammation

A

Release of inflammatory chemicals
Dilation of blood vessels
Increase in vessel permeability
Clotting

38
Q

What happens in organization and restored blood supply

A

The blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue.
Epithelium begins to regenerate
Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to bridge the gap
Debris is phagocytized

39
Q

What happens in regeneration and fibrosis

A

The scab detaches
Fibrous tissue matures: epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue
Results in a fully regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue

40
Q

Nerve tissue arises from

A

Ectoderm

41
Q

Muscle and connective tissues arise from

A

Mesoderm

42
Q

Epithelial tissues arise from

A

All three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

43
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells similar in structure and function

Bio 137 (3 decks)

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