Chapter 4

Question 1

Nervous tissue

Answer 1

Internal communication

Question 2

Muscle tissue

Answer 2

Contracts to cause movement

Question 3

Epithelial tissue

Answer 3

Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters

Question 4

Connective tissue

Answer 4

Supports, protects, binds other tissues together

Question 5

Two main types of epithelium

Answer 5

1. Covering and lining

2. Glandular

Question 6

Simple epithelium

Answer 6

1 layer

Question 7

Stratified epithelium has how many layers

Answer 7

More than 1

Question 8

Describe simple squamous epithelium

Answer 8

Single layer of flattened cells with disc shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm. The simplest of the epithelial

Question 9

What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 9

Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae

Question 10

Location of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 10

Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of central body cavity

Question 11

Endothelium

Answer 11

The lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and heart

Question 12

Mesothelium

Answer 12

The epithelium of serous membranes in the ventral body cavity

Question 13

Describe simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 13

Single layer of cube like cells with large, spherical central nuclei

Question 14

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 14

Secretion and absorption

Question 15

Location of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 15

Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

Question 16

Description of simple columnar epithelium

Answer 16

Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus secreting unicellular glands

Question 17

Endocrine glands

Answer 17

Ductless glands

Secrete hormones that travel through lymph or blood to target organs

Question 18

Exocrine glands

Answer 18

Secrete products into ducts

Secretions released into body surfaces or into body cavities

Question 19

The only important unicellular gland is

Answer 19

Goblet cell

Question 20

Multicellular exocrine glands are composed of

Answer 20

A duct and a secretory unit

Question 21

Merocrine

Answer 21

Products are secreted by exocytosis

Question 22

Holocrine

Answer 22

Products are secreted by rupture of gland cells

Question 23

Is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type

Answer 23

Connective tissue

Question 24

Major functions of connective tissue are

Answer 24

Binding and support
Protection
Insulation
Transportation

Question 25

Ground substances are

Answer 25

Medium through which solutes diffuse between blood capillaries and cells

Question 26

Collagen fibers

Answer 26

Strongest and most abundant type | Provides high tensile strength

Question 27

Elastic fibers

Answer 27

Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch

Question 28

Reticular fibers

Answer 28

Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers

Question 29

Blasts

Answer 29

Mitotically active and secretory cells

Question 30

Cytes

Answer 30

Mature cells

Question 31

Mesenchyme is

Answer 31

Embryonic connective tissue

Question 32

Mucous membranes or mucosae

Answer 32

Line body cavities open to the exterior

Question 33

Serous membranes or serosae

Answer 33

Membranes in a closed ventral body cavity

Question 34

Parietal serosae

Answer 34

Line internal body walls

Question 35

Visceral serosae

Answer 35

Cover internal organs

Question 36

Steps of tissue repair are

Answer 36

1. Inflammation 2. Organization and restored blood supply 3. Regeneration and fibrosis

Question 37

What happens in inflammation

Answer 37

Release of inflammatory chemicals Dilation of blood vessels Increase in vessel permeability Clotting

Question 38

What happens in organization and restored blood supply

Answer 38

The blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue. Epithelium begins to regenerate Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to bridge the gap Debris is phagocytized

Question 39

What happens in regeneration and fibrosis

Answer 39

The scab detaches Fibrous tissue matures: epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue Results in a fully regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue

Question 40

Nerve tissue arises from

Answer 40

Ectoderm

Question 41

Muscle and connective tissues arise from

Answer 41

Mesoderm

Question 42

Epithelial tissues arise from

Answer 42

All three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 43

Tissues

Answer 43

Groups of cells similar in structure and function