Chapter 5 The Enlightment Flashcards
1
Q
The Enlightment was a period when…
A
people started to use science and reason to question society and government
2
Q
What caused it?
A
The Scientific Revolution
3
Q
Definition of Enlightment
A
a movement that sought to shine the “light of reason” on tradition, ideas about government, and society
4
Q
Enlightment goals
A
material well-being, social justice, world happiness
5
Q
Edward Jenner
A
vaccine against smallpox
6
Q
Philosopher
A
French thinkers who wanted to reform society (saw scientists use reason to discover)
7
Q
natural rights
A
separation of powers, checks and balances, freedom of thought, etc
8
Q
Thomas Hobbes
A
- wrote Leviathan,
- believed people are cruel, greedy, and selfish
- absolute monarchy
- social contract
9
Q
John Locke
A
- wrote Two Treaties of Government
- believes people are reasonable, moral, and have natural rights
- natural rights (rights that belong to you from birth)
- overthrow government
10
Q
Baron de Montesquieu
A
- wrote Spirit of Laws
- 3 branches of government
- checks and balances
- divide power
11
Q
Voltaire
A
- wrote many books
- freedom of speech
- hated inequality, injustice, and superstition
12
Q
Rousseau
A
- wrote The Social Contract
- created democracy
- elected leaders
13
Q
Adam Smith
A
- Wrote The Wealth of Nations
- created free market
14
Q
Wollstonecraft
A
- wrote The Vindictation of Women’s Rights
- educate women
15
Q
Laissez Faire
A
business operated with no government interference
