Chapter 5: The Dynamic Cell Flashcards
Kinetic Energy
energy of motion
Potential Energy
stored energy
Laws of Energy or thermodynamics
govern enrgy flow amd help us understand the priciples of energy conversion.
Calorie
amount of heat required to raise the tempeture of 1 gram of waster by 1 degree
Energy
capacity to do work or to make things happen
kilocalories
1000 calories
1st law or law of conserbation of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another
2nd law
energy cannot be changed from one form to another without loss of usable energy
Heat
diffuse energy and least usable form
Entropy
refers to releative amount of disorganization
Product
metoblic pathway teminate with an with, anything that forms as a results of a chemical reation
Adenosine triphoaphate (ATP)
energy currency of cells. cells use to carrie out almost nearly all of its activities
reactant
metobolic pathways begin with
Enzymes
protein molecules that function as organic catalyst
Active site
a small part of the enzyme that accommodates the substrate
Subtrates
reactant molecules that the enzyme acts on
induced fit model
the active site undergoes a slight change in shape on order to accomadate the substrate
Enzyme Inhibition
active enzyme is prevented from combining with it subrtate.
feedback
mechanism for regulating metabolic pathways, product is kept within a certain range until binding of the substrate to the enzymes active site reduced (or stops) te activity of the pathway
Energy of activation
metobolic speed bumo; limits how fast a reaction can proceed from ractants to products
Active transport
moves substances against a concetration gradient (from low to high concentration) and requires both energy
Passive transport
no energy required
Permeable
a certain substances can freely pass through the membrane, some transported accss and other prohitied from enterin or leaving the
Diffusion
modlcules move down their concetration gradient until equilibrium is achieved and they are distributed equally
