Chapter 30: Ecology and Populations

Question 1

Organisms and ecology studies

Answer 1

An individual plant, fungi, animal, protist, or prokaryote. ecology focuses on adaptations to an environment

Question 1

Population and ecology studies

Answer 1

group of individuals of the same species occupying a given location at the same time. ecology describes the changes in population over time

Question 2

Community and ecology studies

Answer 2

all the populations in a particular locale. ecology study interactions between populations

Question 3

Ecosystem and ecology studies

Answer 3

living organisms and their physical environment. presence of suspended particles affecting photosynthesis in algae

Question 4

Biosphere and ecology studies

Answer 4

portion of Earth’s surface where living things exist.,. understand how various Geosystems contribute to biodiversity and dynamics of the biosphere

Question 5

Ecology

Answer 5

the scientific study of the interaction of organisms with each other and with their physical environment

Question 6

Species

Answer 6

group of similarly constructed organisms capable of interbreeding and producing viable offspring, share a gene pool

Question 7

environmental science

Answer 7

applies ecological principles to practical human concerns

Question 8

Conservation biology

Answer 8

disciple of ecology that studies all aspects of biodiversity, intending to conserve natural resources for future and current generations

Question 9

carrying capacity

Answer 9

the number of individuals the environment can sustain for an indefinite time

Question 10

MDC

Answer 10

a. lower growth rate
b. lower population numbers
c. higher environmental impact

Question 11

Environmental impact

Answer 11

the consumption of resources and production of waste per person

Question 12

LDC

Answer 12

a. higher growth rate
b. higher population numbers
c. lower environmental product

Question 13

how to calculate the growth rate

Answer 13

number of people born - number of people who die each year

Question 14

Replacement reporduction

Answer 14

each couple produces only two children, they are replacing themselves

Question 15

prereporductive

Answer 15

before being able to reproduce

Question 16

reproductive

Answer 16

at the age of reporduction

Question 17

postreproduction

Answer 17

not able to reproduce

Question 18

Resources

Answer 18

components of an environment that support organisms. food,water, shelter and space

Question 19

Three spatial patterns

Answer 19

clumped, rando,. uniform

Question 20

Range

Answer 20

portion of the globe where species are found

Question 21

Population density

Answer 21

the number of individuals per unit area (or unit volume) of a patricular habitat

Question 22

survivorship

Answer 22

how age at death influences population size

Question 23

Type I surviorship curve

Answer 23

survival high until old age

Question 24

Type II surviorpship curve

Answer 24

possibility of death is equal at any age

Question 25

Type III surviorship curve

Answer 25

death is likely amound the younf, with few individuals reaching old age

Question 26

Biotic Potential

Answer 26

the ability to increase population size

Question 27

Biotic potential depends on

Answer 27

a. availability of resources
b. numbers of offspring per reporductive event
c. chance of survial of offspring to reach reproductive age
d. how often reproductive happens
e. how old organisms have to be reproduced

Question 28

exonential growth

Answer 28

growth, in which the increase occurs in the same manner as compund interest. j shaped

Question 29

Lag phase

Answer 29

growth is slow because number of individuals in the population is small

Question 30

Exponential growth phase

Answer 30

growth is accelerating

Question 31

Logistic growth

Answer 31

population increase that results in S-shaped curve. Growth is slow at first, steepends and then levels due to enviromental resistance

Question 32

Stable equilibrium phase

Answer 32

little to any growth take place because birth and deaths are about equal

Question 33

Density-independent factos

Answer 33

abiotic factors that cause sudden and catatrpohic reductions in population size

Question 34

Density-independent factors

Answer 34

biotic factor, such as disease, competition, or predation, that affect population size accorfing to the population’s density