Chapter 14: Evolution

Question 1

Charles Dawin

Answer 1

Naturalist on HMS Beagal, went on a 5 year voyage throughout the southern hemiphere, led the idea of evolution by natrual selection

Question 2

Charles Dawin Background

Answer 2

went to divinity of cambirdge, spent summer of 1831 doing geoulogy feilwork

Question 3

why was the HMS searching

Answer 3

Misssion was to expand the navys knowlege of natural resources in foreign lands

Question 4

Before Dawin

Answer 4

Earth was only a few thousand years old, since the time of creation speices remained exactly the same

Question 5

Fossils

Answer 5

remains of once-living spieces often found in strata

Question 6

Strata

Answer 6

layers of rock formed from sedmintary material

Question 7

Geourges Cuvior

Answer 7

a zoologist, considered the founder of palentology (study of fossils) believed that speices dont change over time

Question 8

Cuviors ideas

Answer 8

a local catastophe had caused a mass extintion whenever a new strata showed a mix of fossils. after each eagion would repopulate

Question 9

Jean-Baptise de Lamarack idea

Answer 9

biologist, animals would change to apapt to their enviorments and these changes are passed on to their offspring Ex.Giraffes would stech neck to reach leaves and pass to offspring (wrong)

Question 10

Dawins conclusion

Answer 10

deveoped overtime, piece by piece. organisms are related through common descent and that adaptations in various enviorments results in diversity

Question 11

Biogeography

Answer 11

study of the distribution of life-forms on Earth

Question 12

Charles Lyell’s book

Answer 12

wrote the book Principles of Geology, book that gave evidence that earth slow continous cycles of erosion and uplift

Question 13

Lyells ideas

Answer 13

uniformitism, geology certainly substantiates a hypothesis of slow and continual geological change. led darwin to believe the world was older

Question 14

Covergent evolution

Answer 14

explains how distantly related species may coverge on the same overall body from because they live similar habitats and have similar behaviors

Question 15

Speciation

Answer 15

formation of new species due to evolutionary process of descent with modification

Question 16

Adaptation

Answer 16

any characteristic that makes an organism more suited to the enviorment

Question 17

According to Darwin Natural selection requires these steps

Answer 17

hertible vatiations in population, production of more offspring than the enviorment can suport, and favorble traits increases and becomes adapted to enviorment

Question 18

Fitness

Answer 18

reproductive sucess of an individual relative to other members of the population

Question 19

Artificial selection

Answer 19

humans selectvily breed animals that have a partical traits they want to reproduce

Question 20

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 20

20 years after Darwin who had the same idea as Darwin. wrote a joint paper with Darwin

Question 21

Fossil record

Answer 21

fossils trapped in the rocki strata that tells us about the history of life

Question 22

Vestigial structures

Answer 22

antomical features that are fully developed in group of organisms but reduced and nofunctional in other, simular groups. occur because their anatomy from their ancestors

Question 23

Homologous structures

Answer 23

antomically similar stuctures explainable by inhertiance from a common ancestor

Question 24

Analogous structures

Answer 24

serve the same function but are not constucted similarly, and therefore could not have common ancestry

Question 25

Molecular evidence

Answer 25

all organisms have DNA and share Hox genes

Question 26

Hox genes

Answer 26

development genes that are shared in animals ranging from worms to humans