Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs

Question 1

Specifies the complete chemical description of a drug

Answer 1

Chemical Name

Question 2

Specifies a particular chemical but not a particular brand

Answer 2

Generic Name

Question 3

Specifies a particular formulation and manufacturer of a drug

Answer 3

Brand Name

Question 4

Category of drug that produces wakefulness, a sense of energy

Answer 4

Stimulants

Question 5

Category of drug that slows nervous system activity

Answer 5

Depressants

Question 6

Category of drug that reduces pain

Answer 6

Opioids

Question 7

Category of drug that produces altered perceptions

Answer 7

Hallucinogens

Question 8

Category of drug that controls mental disorders

Answer 8

Psychotherapeutics

Question 9

Symptoms resulting from weaning of substance dependence

Answer 9

Withdrawal Syndrome

Question 10

An inactive chemical or substance

Answer 10

Placebo

Question 11

An experiment in which neither the researcher not the participant knows whether the drug or a placebo is being used

Answer 11

Double-Blind Procedure

Question 12

A type of effect that is derived from the user’s unique background, expectations, perceptions, and environment (settings)

Answer 12

Nonspecific Effects

Question 13

A type of effect that depends on the presence of a chemical at certain concentrations

Answer 13

Specific Effects

Question 14

An effect that is produced by an inactive chemical that the user believes to be a drug

Answer 14

Placebo Effects

Question 15

A graph comparing the size of response to the amount of drug

Answer 15

Dose-response Curve

Question 16

Uncoordinated walking

Answer 16

Ataxia

Question 17

Unconscious and unable to be aroused

Answer 17

Comatose

Question 18

In animal drug trials, the effective dose for half of the animals tested

Answer 18

ED50

Question 19

In animal drug trails, the lethal dose for half of the animals tested

Answer 19

LD50

Question 20

The ratio of LD50 to ED50

Answer 20

Therapeutic Index (TI)

Question 21

The dosage difference between an acceptable level of effectiveness and the lowest toxic dose

Answer 21

Safety Margin

Question 22

Capacity of a drug to do damage or cause adverse side effects

Answer 22

Toxicity

Question 23

The passage of a drug from the site of administration to the circulatory system

Answer 23

Drug Absorption

Question 24

The movement of drugs to and from the blood and various tissues of the body

Answer 24

Drug Distribution

Question 25

The process by which the body breaks down drugs

Answer 25

Drug Metabolism

Question 26

The removal of drugs from the body

Answer 26

Drug Excretion

Question 27

The timing of the onset, duration, and termination of a drug’s effect

Answer 27

Time Course

Question 28

A drug’s ability to produce a desire behavioural effect

Answer 28

Efficacy

Question 29

The effects of giving multiple doses of the same drug

Answer 29

Cumulative Effects

Question 30

A dosage form for drugs that are released or are activated over time

Answer 30

Controlled Release

Question 31

The tendency of a chemical to dissolve in fact, as opposed to in water

Answer 31

Lipid Solubility

Question 32

Injection directly into a vein

Answer 32

Intravenous (IV)

Question 33

Injection under the skin

Answer 33

Subcutaneous

Question 34

Injection into a muscle

Answer 34

Intramuscular

Question 35

Application of a drug directly to the area where it is needed

Answer 35

Topical Administration

Question 36

A product of enzyme action on a drug

Answer 36

Metabolite

Question 37

A metabolite that has drug actions of its own

Answer 37

Active Metabolite

Question 38

The time it takes for half of the drug to lose its pharmacological or physiological effects and to be eliminated from the body

Answer 38

Half-life

Question 39

Drugs that are inactive until acted on by enzymes in the body

Answer 39

Prodrugs

Question 40

Tolerance caused by more rapid elimination of the drug

Answer 40

Drug Disposition Tolerance

Question 41

Tolerance caused by learned adaptation to the drug

Answer 41

Behavioural Tolerance

Question 42

Tolerance caused by altered nervous system sensitivity

Answer 42

Pharmacodynamic Tolerance