Chapter 5 Syntax Flashcards
What are the 3 units of analysis
Word (N)
Phrase (NP)
Sentence (NP+VP)
What are the 2 ways to split a sentence?
Subject and Predicate
Content words
Provide the underlying message of the sentence
Function words
Help to properly INTERPRET the content
What does Content contain?
Noun, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, prepositions
What does Function contain?
Determiners
Degree words
Preverbal Adverbs
Auxiliary Verbs
Conjunctions
Noun
entity
Verb
action, state of being psychological process, etc..
Adjective
property/ quality of a noun, found:
before noun
after linking verb (which links back to subject NP)
Preposition
marking SPATIAL RELATIONS between entities
- evolved over time to denote other relationships (such as time, topic, manner,)
Auxillary Verbs
Supports the head verb of the predicate
True Auxiliaries:
to be, to have
always work in conjuction wityh inflectional suffixes (present participle-ing, or past participle)
Modal Auxiliaries
set up the interpretation of the predicate to be HYPOTHETICAL (not real)
She can count to 10 in mauri
she must count to 10 in mauri
Determiners
Introduce NOUNS- narrow understaing
THE house… MY roo…. SOME puppies… etc
Preverbal Adverbs
introduce VERBS- limiting the ‘application’ of the verb (frequency/scope)
Degree Words
introduce ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS, indicating ‘degree’ to which quality exists
Conjuctions
conjoin ‘like’ consituents
Nouns: Boys AND girls
2 Preps: It can go up OR down
2 APS: she was very cold AND utterly dismayed
2 sentences: i try hard BUT i dont always succeed
Auxiliary Verbs
support the HEAD V of the predicate
TO BE, + v-ing
TO HAVE + v-ented
TO DO + V
What are the 3 coordinating conjuctions?
and, or, but
What are True Auxiliaries
to BE, to HAVE, to DO
What are your Modal Auxiliaries
can, could,will,would,shall,should
may, must, might
Subject
Who/ What is this sentence about
Predicate
What is he/ she/ it doing
Sentence =
NP+ VP
Noun Phrase derives from
who/what = THING/ENTITY
Verb Phrase
doing/happening= EVENT
What are the 5 VERB TYPES based on COMPLEMENT STRUCTURE
Transitive
Instrasitive
Ditransitive
Transitive Locative
Linking
What Pairing goes with a noun for function words
(Det)erminers
What pairing goes with Verbs
(PreV)ERBAL Adverbs
What pairings go with Adjectives/ Preposition
(Deg)ree Words
