Chapter 5 - Stereochemistry At Tetrahedral Centers

Question 1

Enantiomers

Answer 1

Stereoisomers of a chiral substance that have a mirror image relationship

Question 2

Chiralty Center

Answer 2

An atom that is bonded to four other different groups

Question 3

Optically Activity

Answer 3

The rotation of the plane of polarization plane-polarized light by a Chiral substance in solution

Question 4

Levororatory

Answer 4

Optically active substance that rotates the plane of polarization of a plane polarized light in a left-handed or counterclockwise direction

Question 5

Dextrorotatory

Answer 5

A word that used to describe an optically active substance that rotates the plane of polarization of plane polarized light in a right-handed or clockwise direction

Question 6

Specific rotation

Answer 6

The optical rotation of a Chiral compound under standard conditions

Question 7

Configuration

Answer 7

The three dimensional arrangement of Atoms bonded to a Chiralty center

Question 8

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules

Answer 8

A sequence of rules for assigning relative rankings to substitute groups on a Chiralty Center or a double bond carbon atom

Question 9

R configuration

Answer 9

The configuration of the Chiralty as specified by the CIP Sequence rules

1-2-3 is clockwise

Question 10

S configuration

Answer 10

The configuration of the Chiralty as specified by the CIP Sequence rules

1-2-3 is counterclockwise

Question 11

Absolute configuration

Answer 11

The exact three-dimensional structure of a chiral molecule. Specified as R or S

Question 12

Diastereomers

Answer 12

Non-mirror image stereoisomers. Have the same configuration at one or more Chiralty centers but for other Chiralty centers

Question 13

Epimers

Answer 13

Diastereomers that differ in configuration at only one Chiralty Center but are the same at all others

Question 14

Meso Compound

Answer 14

A compound that contains chiralty centers but is nevertheless achiral because it contains a symmetry plane

Question 15

Racemate

Answer 15

A mixture consisting of equal parts + and - enantiomers if a chiral substance; also called a racemic mixture

Denoted by ±

Question 16

Resolution

Answer 16

The process by which a racemate is separated into its two pure enantiomers

Question 17

Prochiral

Answer 17

A molecule that can be converted from achiral to chiral in a single chemical step

Question 18

Prochiralty center

Answer 18

An atom in the compound that can be converted into a Chiralty center by changing one of its attached substituents

Question 19

Pro R

Answer 19

One of the two identical atoms or groups of atoms in a compound whose replacement leads to an R chiralty center

Question 20

Pro S

Answer 20

One of the two identical atoms or groups of atoms in a compound whose replacement leads to an S chiralty center

Question 21

Chiral Environment

Answer 21

The chiral surroundings or conditions in which a molecule resides