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Organic Chemistry > Chapter 3 Alkanes > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

Functional Group

A

A group of atoms within a molecule that has a characteristic chemical behavior; defines chemistry of every organic molecule

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2
Q

Alkenes

A

Have a double bond

> C=C

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3
Q

Alkyne

A

Has a triple bond

-C≡C-

Ethyne

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4
Q

Arene

A

An aromatic ring of alternating double and single bonds in a six membered ring of carbon

Benzene

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5
Q

Halide

A

Carbon bonded to a halogen

You say prefixes in this way
Chloro, bromo

CH3Cl chloromethane

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6
Q

Alcohol

A

Bonded to an -OH

Ends in -ol

Menthanol CH3OH

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7
Q

Ether

A

->C-O-C

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8
Q

Monophosphate

A

->C-O-(PO3^2-)

Ends with phosphate

CH3O(PO3)^2- methyl phosphate

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9
Q

Diphosphate

A

Bonded to an O and a P2O6^3-

Ends with diphosphate

CH3OP2O6^3-
Methyl Diphospate

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10
Q

Amine

A

carbon bonded to a nitrogen

-amine

CH3NH2 methylamine

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11
Q

Imine

A

Carbon double bonded to an N

Imine

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12
Q

Nitrile

A

Carbon triple bonded to a Nitrogen

-nitrile

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13
Q

Thiols

A

C-SH

-thiol

CH3SH methanethiol

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14
Q

Sulfide

A

C-S-C

Sulfide

CH3SCH3
Dimethyl Sulfide

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15
Q

Disulfide

A

C-S-S-C

Disulfide

CH3SSCH3
Dimethyl disulfide

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16
Q

Aldehyde

A

Carbon end with a double bond to oxygen and a single bond to hydrogen

-al

Ethanal

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17
Q

Ketone

A

Carbon double bond to oxygen with that carbon bonded to two other carbons

-one

Acetone(propanone)

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18
Q

Carboxylic acid

A
  • COOH ending
  • oic acid

Ethanoic acid

19
Q

Ester

A

CCOC bonding where second C is also double bonded to an oxygen

-oate

Methyl ethanoate

20
Q

Thioester

A

CCSC bonding where an O is double bonded to the second C

-thioate

Methyl ethanethioate

21
Q

Amide

A

CCN bonding with second C double bonded to an N

  • amide

Ethanamide

22
Q

Acid chloride

A

C-C-Cl bonding where the second C is double bonded to an oxygen

-oyl chloride

Ethanoyl chloride

23
Q

Carboxylic acid anhydride

A

Let V be a carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to two other atoms

CVOVC

-oic anhydride

Ethanoic anhydride

24
Q

Carbonyl Group

A

The functional group C=O

Has carbon at slightly positive charge and oxygen as slightly negative

25
Q

Alkanes

A

A compound of carbon and hydrogen with only single bonds

26
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

27
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons

A

Have only single bonds and has maximum number of hydrogens per carbon

28
Q

Aliphatic

A

A nonaromatic hydrocarbon such as simple alkane, alkane and alkyne

29
Q

Straight chain alkane (normal alkanes)

A

An alkane whose carbon are connected without branching

30
Q

Branched-chain alkanes

A

An alkane that has a branching connection of carbons instead of a straight chain

31
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures

32
Q

Constitutional isomers

A

Isomers that have their atoms connected in a different order

33
Q

Alkyl group

A

Partial structure that remains when a hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane

34
Q

Stereochemistry

A

Branch of chemistry concerned with the 3D structure of molecules

35
Q

Conformations

A

The 3D structure of a molecule at any given instant assuming rotation around single bonds is fixed

36
Q

Conformers

A

A conformational isomer

37
Q

Sawhorse representation

A

Manner of representing stereochemistry that uses a stick drawing and perspective around a single bond

38
Q

Newman projection

A

Means of showing stereochemistry by having a back carbon shown as a big circle and the front carbon as a dot

39
Q

Staggered conformation

A

The 3D arrangement of atoms around a carbon carbon single bond in which the bonds on one carbon bisect the bond angles of the bonds on the second carbon

40
Q

Eclipsed conformation

A

Geometric arrangement where all the bonds are parallel between two carbon molecules that are single bonded

41
Q

Torsional strain

A

Strain in a molecule caused by electron repulsion between eclipsed bonds

The extra energy in eclipsed conformation versus staggered

42
Q

Anti-conformation

A

The geometric arrangement around a carbon carbon single bond in which the two largest constituents are 180 degrees apart

43
Q

Gauche Conformation

A

Conformation of butane in which the two methyl groups are 60 degrees apart

44
Q

Steric strain

A

Strain imposed on a molecule when two groups are too close to each other and try to occupy the same space.

Organic Chemistry (5 decks)

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