Chapter 5: Species

Question 1

Resource Partitioning

Answer 1

When species divide shared resources by specializing in different ways(ex. one species is active in the daytime, another in the night)

Question 2

Character Displacement

Answer 2

When species evolve physical characteristics that reflect their reliance on a resource they use(ex. bird that eat larger seeds adapt to have larger bills)

Question 3

Competition

Answer 3

When multiple organisms seek the same limited resource

Question 4

Amensalism

Answer 4

A type of competition where one species is harmed and another is unaffected

Question 5

Competitive exclusion

Answer 5

When a species is a very effective competitor, so much so that they exclude other species from obtaining a certain resource

Question 6

Symbiosis

Answer 6

Mutualism in which organisms live in close physical contact(plants and fungi)

Question 7

Allelopathy

Answer 7

Plants release harmful chemicals

Question 8

Fundamental Niche

Answer 8

The full niche of a species

Question 9

Niche

Answer 9

ecological role

Question 10

Realized Niche

Answer 10

An individual only part of its role because of the competition of other species

Question 11

Coevolution

Answer 11

When a parasite and hosts evolve in response to one another

Question 12

Commensalism

Answer 12

A relationship when one species benefits, and the other species is unaffected

Question 13

Facilitations

Answer 13

Plants that create shade allowing seedlings to grow

Question 14

Mutualism

Answer 14

A relationship in which two or more species benefit from each other

Question 15

Trophic levels

Answer 15

Ranks in the feeding hierarchy

Question 16

What is the first trophic level?

Answer 16

Producers

Question 17

Energy inefficiency

Answer 17

The energy lost as you go higher up the food chain

Question 18

Stromatolites

Answer 18

layered mounds, columns, and sheet-like sedimentary rocks in shallow water.

Question 19

Succession

Answer 19

region undergoes a predictable series of change after a disturbance

Question 20

Primary succession

Answer 20

Follows disturbance so severe that no vegetation or plant life remains, (clean slate) (glaciers, lava)

Question 21

Secondary succession

Answer 21

begins when a disturbance dramatically alters
an existing community but does not destroy all living
things (fires, hurricanes)

Question 22

Detritivores/decomposers

Answer 22

Organisms that consume only non-living organic matter

Question 23

Pioneer species

Answer 23

The first species to arrive in a primary succession areaq

Question 24

Lichens

Answer 24

mutualistic aggregates of fungi and algae; pioneers best suited to colonizing bare rock

Question 25

invasive species

Answer 25

exotic organisms that spread widely in a community and dominate

Question 26

ecological restoration

Answer 26

returning an area to earlier conditions

Question 27

Biome

Answer 27

major regional complex of similar communities(plant type, vegetation)

Question 28

TUNDRA Biome

Answer 28

DRY, extremely cold winters, few animals, lichens, low vegetation (Canada, Scandinavia, Russia)

Question 29

BOREAL forest

Answer 29

Northern CON[E]-iferous forest, cool and dry climate, moose, wolves, bears (Canada, Alaska..)

Question 30

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Answer 30

Lose their leaves each fall, remain dormant in the winter(ONTARIO)

Question 31

Temperate GRASSLANDS

Answer 31

More extreme temperature difference between summer and winter, low precipitation, also called praries

Question 32

Temperate Rainforaste

Answer 32

CONE trees, provides lumber and paper, moisture loving animals

Question 33

TROPICAL rainforest

Answer 33

dark and damp, lush vegetation, year round rain and warm temperatures

Question 34

Tropical dry forest

Answer 34

wet and dry seasons, warm but less rainfall,

Question 35

Savannah

Answer 35

grasslands with some trees, zebras, giraffes

Question 36

Desert

Answer 36

sahara and sonaran

Question 37

Mediterranean

Answer 37

frequent fires, shrubs, moderate weather