Chapter 12: Coastal Systems

Question 1

What fish has had the most impact on human civilization?

Answer 1

Atlantic Cod

Question 2

Groundfish

Answer 2

Fish that live or feed along the bottom of the body of water they inhabit

Question 3

Why is temperature more stable in water than land?

Answer 3

• water has a high heat capacity

- takes more time to heat water than air

Question 4

Thermocline

Answer 4

The change in temperature with increasing depth(temperature decreases rapidly as you go lower)

Question 5

Halocline

Answer 5

The increase in salinity of a water body with increasing depth

Question 6

Deep Zone

Answer 6

The area of water below pycnocline. Unaffected by winds, storms, sunlight, and temperature.

Question 7

What is upwelling?

Answer 7

Upwelling is the vertical flow of cold, deep water towards the surface

Question 8

Downwelling

Answer 8

The sinking of oxygen rich water where surface current converge

Question 9

What are El Nino conditions?

Answer 9

Change in air pressure by air rising in the western Pacific and falling in the eastern Pacific.

• causes the equatorial trade winds to weaken
• causes rainstorms/floods in typically dry areas, vice versa

Question 10

What would the weather be like in Canada in LA Nina conditions?

Answer 10

Abnormally cool and wet

Question 11

What is bathymetry?

Answer 11

The measurement of ocean depths

Question 12

What are continental shelves?

Answer 12

Gently sloping areas that underlie shallow waters bordering continents \

Question 13

What is a continental slope?

Answer 13

A continental slope connects a continental shelf to the ocean floor

Question 14

What is an abyssal plain?

Answer 14

The flat bottom of the deep ocean

Question 15

In what zone does most of the oceans primary productivity occur?

Answer 15

PHOTIC Zone.. “top zone”

Question 16

What are habitats/ecosystems at the ocean floor called?

Answer 16

Benthic

Question 17

What is the aphotic zone?

Answer 17

The area of water below the depths where light can reach

Question 18

What are coral reefs?

Answer 18

A mass of calcium carbonate made up of the skeletons of corals, located in shallow sub/tropical waters

Question 19

What are intertidal(littoral) ecosytems?

Answer 19

Ecosystems where the ocean meets the land

Question 20

What are tides

Answer 20

The periodic rising and falling of the oceans height due to the gravitational pull of the sun and moon

Question 21

What are mangroves?

Answer 21

trees with unique roots that curve upwards(for oxygen)

Question 22

How are mangroves threatened?

Answer 22

By development and shrimp farming, we are only protecting !% of mangroves

Question 23

What are estuaries?

Answer 23

Estuaries are water bodies where rivers flow into the ocean

Question 24

What species typically inhabit estuaries?

Answer 24

Shorebirds and shellfish

Question 25

What is methane hydrate?

Answer 25

An ice like solid consisting of methane, a possible energy source(not enough research conducted)

Question 26

What causes ocean acidification?

Answer 26

The uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide

Question 27

What are algal blooms?

Answer 27

When nutrients increase populations of algae in water, algae produce powerful toxins

Question 28

What is a red tide?

Answer 28

When algal blooms produce red pigments and discolor water

-causes illnessand death to wildlife and humans

Question 29

What percentage of the fish population are overexploited/heading to extinction?

Answer 29

25%

Question 30

What are some fish species we have hunted to extinction?

Answer 30

Steller sea cow, atlantic gray whale, caribbean monk seal

Question 31

What are the three main types of industrialized fish catching techniques? Describe them

Answer 31

Driftnets-huge nets set out to capture schools of fish
Longlining- lines with numerous baited hooks
Bottom trawling- weighted nets dragged along floor of continental shelf

Question 32

As fishing increases, the ____ and ___ of fish caught decline

Answer 32

Size & Age

Question 33

About how much of the world’s fish production is due to aquaculture?

Answer 33

30%

Question 34

What label would you expect to see on sustainable seafood?

Answer 34

Dolphin-safe

Question 35

Where are marine protected areas (MPAs) established?

Answer 35

Along the coastlines of developed countries

Question 36

What are marine reserves?

Answer 36

Areas where fishing is prohibited

Question 37

What is the spillover effect?

Answer 37

When individuals of protected species spread outside of their reserves