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Chemistry I > Chapter 5: Solutions and Aqueous Reactions > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Solutions and Aqueous Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

define solution

A

homogenous mixture of 2+ pure substances

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2
Q

define solute

A

component of solution present in the smallest amounts; substance dissolved in solution

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3
Q

define solvent

A

component of solution present in the largest amount; substance in which other materials disolve in

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4
Q

what is the solvent in an aqueous solution

A

water is the solvent

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5
Q

for a chemical reaction in an aqueous solution, the reaction takes place between what?

A

between the solutes that are dissolved in the water

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6
Q

strong electrolyte conductivity

A

good

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7
Q

week electrolyte conductivity

A

poor

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8
Q

the ability of a solution to conduct electricity depends on what?

A

the presence of ions in the solution

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9
Q

what are 2 kinds of nonelectrolytes?

A

sugars and alcohols

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10
Q

what are acids

A

molecular compounds that produce (H+) in water

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11
Q

how do salts form?

A

acids reacting with bases

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12
Q

acidic solutions have what kind of pH

A

< 7

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13
Q

basic solutions have what kind of pH

A

> 7

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14
Q

what are the 6 strong acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid, acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid

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15
Q

what are carboxylic acids

A

family of weak acids, RCO2H

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16
Q

what are bases

A

compounds that produce OH- in water

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17
Q

what are 4 common strong bases

A

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2

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18
Q

what is the most common weak base?

A

NH3

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19
Q

what are amines?

A

family of weak bases; derived from ammonia by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms of NH3 with carbon containing group

20
Q

what happens in a precipitation reaction

A

2 solutions are mixed and an insoluble solid (precipitate) is produced

21
Q

in net ionic equations, only BLANK are written as ions

A

strong electrolytes

22
Q

weak electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, insoluble solids (PPTs), and gases are written in what form?

A

molecular

23
Q

binary acids contain..

A

hydrogen and one other element

24
Q

how do you name binary acids?

A

prefix: hydro-
suffix: -ide changed to -ic acid

25
Q

what are oxoacids?

A

most common type of acid; contain hydrogen and an oxygen containing polyatomic ion

26
Q

how to name oxoacids?

A

take related polyatomic ion name and change the suffix…
-ate changed to -ic acid
-ite changed to -ous acid

27
Q

arrhenius definition of acid

A

susbtance that produces H+ when dissolved in water

28
Q

Arrhenius definition of bas

A

substance that produces OH- when dissolved in water

29
Q

gas evolution reaction

A

salts (carbonates, sulfites, sulfides, some ammonium salts) react with acid to produce gaseous product

30
Q

concentration

A

amount of solute in a fixed amount of solvent

31
Q

molar concentration is also known as..

A

molarity

32
Q

molarity formula

A

moles of substance divided by L of solute

33
Q

dilution equation

A

M1V1=M2V2

34
Q

titrant

A

solution in the buret

35
Q

what is equivilance point

A

neutralization

36
Q

all oxidation-reduction reactions involve transfers of what?

A

electrons

37
Q

oxidation is

A

loss of electrons

38
Q

reduction is

A

gain of electrons

39
Q

the oxidation number for any lone element is…

A

0

40
Q

the ox. number for monotomic ions =

A

the charge of the monotomic ion

41
Q

group 1A elements in compounds have what ox. number

A

+1

42
Q

group 2A elements in compounds have what ox. number

A

+2

43
Q

ox number of Hydrogen and Fluorine

A

respectively, +1 in compounds with nonmetals, -1 in ALL compounds

44
Q

ox number for Oxygen

A

-2 in most compounds

45
Q

what is the most common oxidizing agent

A

Oxygen

46
Q

2nd most common oxidizing agents

A

Halogens

47
Q

what 2 families are good reducing agents

A

alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals

Chemistry I (16 decks)

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