Chapter 5: Solutions and Aqueous Reactions Flashcards
define solution
homogenous mixture of 2+ pure substances
define solute
component of solution present in the smallest amounts; substance dissolved in solution
define solvent
component of solution present in the largest amount; substance in which other materials disolve in
what is the solvent in an aqueous solution
water is the solvent
for a chemical reaction in an aqueous solution, the reaction takes place between what?
between the solutes that are dissolved in the water
strong electrolyte conductivity
good
week electrolyte conductivity
poor
the ability of a solution to conduct electricity depends on what?
the presence of ions in the solution
what are 2 kinds of nonelectrolytes?
sugars and alcohols
what are acids
molecular compounds that produce (H+) in water
how do salts form?
acids reacting with bases
acidic solutions have what kind of pH
< 7
basic solutions have what kind of pH
> 7
what are the 6 strong acids?
Hydrochloric acid, acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid
what are carboxylic acids
family of weak acids, RCO2H
what are bases
compounds that produce OH- in water
what are 4 common strong bases
LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2
what is the most common weak base?
NH3
what are amines?
family of weak bases; derived from ammonia by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms of NH3 with carbon containing group
what happens in a precipitation reaction
2 solutions are mixed and an insoluble solid (precipitate) is produced
in net ionic equations, only BLANK are written as ions
strong electrolytes
weak electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, insoluble solids (PPTs), and gases are written in what form?
molecular
binary acids contain..
hydrogen and one other element
how do you name binary acids?
prefix: hydro-
suffix: -ide changed to -ic acid
