Chapter 1: Matter, Measurement, Problem Solving

Question 1

the properties of what two things determine the properties of matter

Answer 1

atoms and molecules

Question 2

what are allotropes

Answer 2

different physical forms of the same substance

Question 3

Atomic BLANK determines properties

Answer 3

structure

Question 4

define matter

Answer 4

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 5

matter is classified according to its BLANK and BLANK

Answer 5

state and composition

Question 6

what is an element

Answer 6

a substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances

Question 7

define atom

Answer 7

the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element

Question 8

how many elements occur naturally and how many elements are there total

Answer 8

90 occur naturally, 118 total

Question 9

what is a compound

Answer 9

substance composed of 2 or more elements in fixed proportions

Question 10

what is a molecule

Answer 10

smallest particle of a compound that retains the composition and chemical characteristics of that compound

Question 11

what is an experiment

Answer 11

observations carried out in a controlled manner so results can be verified

Question 12

what is hypothesis

Answer 12

tentative explanation of observations

Question 13

what is a law

Answer 13

concise statement regarding some relationship or pattern in nature

Question 14

theory

Answer 14

Unifying principle or set of ideas that explains a body of facts and the laws based on them

Question 15

what is a pure substance

Answer 15

Substance with uniform, constant composition and properties

Question 16

what are 2 kinds of pure substances

Answer 16

compounds and elements

Question 17

what is a mixture

Answer 17

sample of matter that has variable composition, can be separated by physical means

Question 18

what are 2 kinds of mixtures

Answer 18

homogeneous and heterogeneous

Question 19

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 19

nonuniform composition

Question 20

name 6 physical properties

Answer 20

color, state of matter, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility

Question 21

chemical property describes what

Answer 21

how a substance may change or react to form another substance; “reacts”, “rusting”

Question 22

name the unites for length, mass, time, amount of substance, temperature

Answer 22

length = meter
mass = kilogram
time = second
amount of substance = mole
temperature = kelvin

Question 23

the mole is the amount of substance that contains…

Answer 23

as many entities as there are in exactly 12 grams of Carbon-12

Question 24

giga-

Answer 24

10^9

Question 25

mega-

Answer 25

10^6

Question 26

kilo-

Answer 26

10^3

Question 27

deci-

Answer 27

10^-1

Question 28

centi-

Answer 28

10^-2

Question 29

milli-

Answer 29

10^-3

Question 30

micro-

Answer 30

10^-6

Question 31

nano-

Answer 31

10^-9

Question 32

pico-

Answer 32

10^-12

Question 33

1 mL =

Answer 33

1 cm^3 (1cc)

Question 34

what is a unite

Answer 34

a fixed standard of measurement

Question 35

accuracy

Answer 35

measure of how closely an individual measurement agrees with the correct value; measure of “correctness”; percent error

Question 36

precision

Answer 36

how closely a group of individual measurements agree with one another; “reproducability”; standard deviation