Chapter 1: Matter, Measurement, Problem Solving Flashcards
the properties of what two things determine the properties of matter
atoms and molecules
what are allotropes
different physical forms of the same substance
Atomic BLANK determines properties
structure
define matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
matter is classified according to its BLANK and BLANK
state and composition
what is an element
a substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances
define atom
the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
how many elements occur naturally and how many elements are there total
90 occur naturally, 118 total
what is a compound
substance composed of 2 or more elements in fixed proportions
what is a molecule
smallest particle of a compound that retains the composition and chemical characteristics of that compound
what is an experiment
observations carried out in a controlled manner so results can be verified
what is hypothesis
tentative explanation of observations
what is a law
concise statement regarding some relationship or pattern in nature
theory
Unifying principle or set of ideas that explains a body of facts and the laws based on them
what is a pure substance
Substance with uniform, constant composition and properties
what are 2 kinds of pure substances
compounds and elements
what is a mixture
sample of matter that has variable composition, can be separated by physical means
what are 2 kinds of mixtures
homogeneous and heterogeneous
heterogeneous mixture
nonuniform composition
name 6 physical properties
color, state of matter, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility
chemical property describes what
how a substance may change or react to form another substance; “reacts”, “rusting”
name the unites for length, mass, time, amount of substance, temperature
length = meter
mass = kilogram
time = second
amount of substance = mole
temperature = kelvin
the mole is the amount of substance that contains…
as many entities as there are in exactly 12 grams of Carbon-12
giga-
10^9
mega-
10^6
kilo-
10^3
deci-
10^-1
centi-
10^-2
milli-
10^-3
micro-
10^-6
nano-
10^-9
pico-
10^-12
1 mL =
1 cm^3 (1cc)
what is a unite
a fixed standard of measurement
accuracy
measure of how closely an individual measurement agrees with the correct value; measure of “correctness”; percent error
precision
how closely a group of individual measurements agree with one another; “reproducability”; standard deviation
