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Human Development > Chapter 5 Sociocultural influences > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Sociocultural influences Flashcards

1
Q

culture

A

the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc. feeling and believe, tradition passed from one generation to the next. A group’s design for living

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2
Q

Subculture

A

a group within larger culture that is similar it some ways but is different a few

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3
Q

types of cultural in Usa populTION

A

African, latino, AMerican indian, asian Pacific islander

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4
Q

african americans

A

13% of the population, half in the southern states. Virginia proclaimed slavery as legal in 1667, which impacted cultural patterns.

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5
Q

Biracial/bicultural

A

cross of racial and cultural groups in lifestyle and values,. appearence

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6
Q

regional culture

A

local, regional, sectional variations in national culture

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7
Q

urban

A

1000 people in a specific area and 500 in periphery per sq mile

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8
Q

rural

A

less than 500 people per sq mile, area of 400 sq mile with population density lss than 30 per sq mile. “Rural dwellers are more likely to live traditional values.” P. 109

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9
Q

frontier

A

6 persons per sq mile

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10
Q

characteristics of rural areas

A

1.limited access to necessary resources,
2.assumption that wat is done locally is norm
3. lac kof anonymity
4.sense of independence or autonomy
These may make healthcare difficult to obtain, but the internet is helping to decrease disparity.

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11
Q

Socioeconomic level

A

cultural grouping of persons who have a consciousness of cohesion

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12
Q

Religious culture

A

way of believing, living, behaving

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13
Q

Family culture

A

family life ways of living, thinking

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14
Q

culture shittit

A

One can see how that being part of many intertwining cultures can produce huge variations!

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15
Q

rituals

A

systems of prescribed behaviors and procedures. way of doing things

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16
Q

Emic approach to studing culture

A

examine culture thought there eyes

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17
Q

etic approaches to studing culture

A

comparing it to other cultures

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18
Q

values

A

standards held as acceptible

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19
Q

Value system

A

overall concept of how people should life there life, and act in specific situations. Dominant c and other cultural may clash bc of differing values. Western societies – economic status may change, but the original value system may be maintained.

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20
Q

roles

A

expacted behaviors of someone

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21
Q

Linguistics

A

structure and use of langauge and use of verbal and nonverbals

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22
Q

cultural conversations

A

may vary from cultural to cultural, vacob, interruptions, who can talk

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23
Q

dialect

A

a various of a language spoken by distinct ppeople in a specific area

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24
Q

How does language emphasize the values of a culture?

A

because specific cultures have certain way of talking and describing things and languge helps u understand the culture and how to behave

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25
Q

cultural norms and why they change?

A
  1. technology
  2. use of other culture inventions
  3. education
  4. politics
  5. changing life styles and values
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26
Q

Postmodern/postindustrial society – current influences and how these affect health care

A 
standrads for a culture
a.emph. on info soceity
b.seeking multiple option for resources
c. power struggles
d increase life span
e. changing value and life styles
f. highly technological
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27
Q

Transient culture

A

focuses on disposable objects and transitory relationships. difficult to maintain culture

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28
Q

Linguistic competence

A

Language and cultural ressistence can give a false impression of health status intelligence of a person and contribute to health care disparities

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29
Q

Certain components are present in all cultures, primitive or advanced

A 
Influence by climate
 use of nautural resources
geography
diet
genetics
health practises
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30
Q

Best indicators of what we really are and value

A

looking at our media

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31
Q

Traditional and current values

A

mainstream, changing

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32
Q

American Indian values

A

values, behaviors, lifestyles conflict with some values of the US society and health care system

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33
Q

Second and third generation Latino or Spanish-speaking Americans

A

have strong values of loyalty to family and large kin groupsthat act as support network

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34
Q

Southern Appalachian

A

have tha exact oppisite values of an upper middle class professional

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35
Q

, Spanish-speaking, Middle-Eastern American, American Indian and Asian American groups

A

value indirect communication, group over the whole, conformity to the group

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36
Q

why is self care emphasized?

A

bc independence is highly valued

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37
Q

Hot and cold theory of disease

A

the effects a substance has or is thought to have on the body.

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38
Q

Fatalism

A

acceptence of fate

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39
Q

Susto

A

agitation, depression from traumatic, frightening experiences death

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40
Q

Empacho

A

gastrointestinal disease from eating dislike food, overeating, eating hot bread

41
Q

Caida de mollera

A

causing by child falling, nipple being pulled out of mouth too quickly, vomitting crying shitting, fever, reslessness, not able to grasp nipple

42
Q

Resfriado

A

child getting wet and not being changed

43
Q

Catarro constipado

A

head cold sinusitis

44
Q

Mal ojo, “evil eye”

A

disease thought to result from looking admiringly at a child

45
Q

stoic

A

calm and reserved in expressing pain and emotion

46
Q

Social stratification

A

a person’s class, depends on economic, social status, political power, which effects the values u learn and attitudes

47
Q

What determines socioeconomic level?

A

income, education, where u live, head of household

48
Q

Upper-upper economic group

A

the 1% who processes most of the money

is adult oriented but childrenno they r special and must do well

49
Q

Very rich

A

accumulate shitt ton of money

50
Q

Corporate rich

A

have corporate and tax priviledges
Family lineage, inherited wealth, and power for generations.
Lives in an exclusive residential area
Children are reared by a nanny, as well as the parents

51
Q

Lower-upper economic group

A

new money, recently good rich
similar to upper upper but a lil different
Social position because of what they do

52
Q

Power Elite

A

The very rich who have pivotal position and power and repuation
Large cooperations, social organiztions, institutions of state and milltary

53
Q

Creative class level

A

– 33% of the workforce
make a living being mentally creative
scientists, engineers, artists, musicians, computer nerds,
More likely to link identity and self-worth to their accomplishments than to their employer.

54
Q

Creative class level attitudes, values, NORMS

A

individuality, meritocracy, diversity, self expression, responisbility,flexibility, time management, prof development, stbaility

55
Q

Upper-middle level

A 
Top 15% of the middle class
Backbone of the community
Investments are important can lead to Upward mobility
Work is intellectual instead of manual requiring specialized education
56
Q

anomie and relos

A

disconnection from the world

someone who relocates every 2-4 years bc of there job

57
Q

middle-middle economic group

A

people how live a comfortable life
directors of local agency, trachers, clergy health prof, office workers
Parents are child oriented

58
Q

The lower-middle, working or service level:

A 
viewed as just getting by
hard workers blue collar
Rent or buy a small home
Child rearing is taken for granted
Health care is sought when a person is too sick to work.
59
Q

service level

A

group of people who work with the creative class to provide ncessary services

60
Q

Upper-lower level

A

families who are having a tough time, real close to poverty or welfare
Often didn’t complete high school
Menial jobs, but proud to be working

61
Q

Lower economic level – poverty level:

A

the poor
Usually lack access to health care
Vulnerable populations

62
Q

Poverty

A

not having enough money or income to buy minimum goods and services

63
Q

Acute, chronic poverty

A

sudden reduce of economic means only for a short time

long history of poverty

64
Q

Near poverty

A

people who make $15,000 to $28000 a year

65
Q

Extreme poverty

A

make half what the poverty live is

$7500

66
Q

Generational poverty

A

living in poverty of 2+ generations

67
Q

Situational poverty

A

lost of economic resounces bc of a situational crises

68
Q

Poverty threshold

A

pre tax income,

69
Q

Working poor

A

people who work but dont make enough for an adequate living. 27%

70
Q

Absolute poverty

A

unable to afford the needs of life

71
Q

Relative poverty

A

can afford some things but not the normal necessities

72
Q

Cycle of poverty

A

poor parents leads to poor child and the it repeats

73
Q

Fatalism

A

belief in fate

74
Q

People who are often poor

A

Children: under 18 or 21
elderly: over 65
homeless
rural populations that have increasing unemployment
migrants: people who temporarily move for work reasons
immigrants:people how move to a new country and stay for a while
Refugee: involuntarily lving outside country of origin to escape persecution
asylee: fleeing to avoid political persecution

75
Q

Patterns of child rearing and family relationships in the poor p129

A

SIngle parent
lack of belief in long term goals
children bare responsibility earlier
unmet needs of parent leads to umet needs of child
communication is more physical
Harsh inconsistent punishment
aggressive behavior is either encoursge of restrained

76
Q

Natural, Supernatural, or Metaphysical treatment for illnesses

A

weather change, bad food or water
gods, demons, spirits
nature and body are balance

77
Q

culture-bound illness/syndrome

A

disorders that are restricted to a specific culture

78
Q

susceptibility to illness

A

Biological differences
Income level affects health care
Poverty and ill health are related
Long-term ill health may contribute to poverty

79
Q

african american susceptibility

A

Decline in health
Risk factors: smoking, high blood pressure and cholesterol, alcoohol, drugs,
Sickle-cell anemia

80
Q

American Indian population:

A

Higher rates of many diseases: TB, diabetes,-OH, pnuemonia, influenza,
Risk factors:smoking, substance abuse, living consitions
Morbidity, Mortality: the elderly and children

81
Q

Florence Nightingale:

A

taught british nurses to work in India

82
Q

Madeline Leininger

A

developed transcultural nursing. fusing nursing and antrhopology

83
Q

Transcultural nursing

A

humanistic and scientific study and comparative analysis of cultures

84
Q

Cultural competence and culturally competent care

A

embracing cultural differences

85
Q

Culturally competent health care providers

A

.understanding value system
not threatened by difference
not toleraating inequality
advocates for the marginalized

86
Q

Collectivism culture

A

the opposite of and individualist culture

working together, commitment to relationships, indirect communication

87
Q

Cultural relativity

A

behavior that is appropiate for one culture might not be in another

88
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

viewing ones culture as superior

89
Q

Prejudice

A

preconcieved ideas formed without enough knowlegde

90
Q

culture shock

A

inability to adjust to the new norms of a different cultural setting

91
Q

cultural assessment guide

A 
determine values
beliefs
customs
social structure
preferences
92
Q

Leininger’s 7 major components of a cultural assessment

A 
family/kin groups
social life/daily routines
political systems
laguage and traditions
cultural norms
religion
health and life rituals
93
Q

crisis of immigration

A

1st year sense of relief and happines, anxiety, culture shock
2nd year: culture shock, dissatificatioon, depression, unhappy
3rd year; incr adaption, higher satification, emo improvment

94
Q

Wellness Diagnosis

A

gaining new info
learning new skills
new role
achieving developmental tasks

95
Q

caring

A

assisitive supportive facilitativeactions towaards another person

96
Q

Cultural care congruence: three principles

A

cultural care preservation: preserves cultural values
cultural care accommodation: adapts health to dif cultures
cultural care repatterning: alter life patterns to help clients change health

97
Q

Communication Principles

A
  1. ) Call the person by title and last name unless the client requests otherwise.
  2. ) Adjust your behavior to the client’s culture.
  3. ) There may be some topics that they may not be willing to discuss with you initially.
  4. ) Explore the client’s priority health issues.
  5. ) Realize that some clients will not be expressive verbally or emotionally.
  6. ) Give as much time as needed so they will know that you are not hurrying them.
  7. ) Acknowledge the male’s opinion in male-dominated households in order to obtain cooperation
98
Q

holistic nursing

A

goal to heal the person as a whole

99
Q

holism

A

understanding there is a relationship between biological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual dimensions of a person

Human Development (4 decks)

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