Chapter 3

Question 1

What growth and development is? (reversals)

Answer 1

Usually thought of the movement forward growing, anabolism. The reversal is true as well, catabolism, changing unuseful behavior, death

Question 2

Lifetime, Chronological age

Answer 2

is used most often as a standard for maturation and development but also is a rough estimator of a person’s physical and psychological status

Question 3

Historical time

Answer 3

series of events that directly shape the life of a person and longterm processes

Question 4

Cohort

Answer 4

group of people that are about the same age, born around the same time. members of the same generation.

Question 5

Social time – expected times and norms

Answer 5

social expectations for a specific era. every society there is a time where specific norms must be followed. (18 yeaar old going to colllege)

Question 6

Social time – tasks

Answer 6

If a person performs a task too early or latetr than the norm he is seen as a devient. and this can effect development

Question 7

Age-irrelevent society

Answer 7

Because many norms are being broken. If is becoming difficult to assign age norms to people. There are 14 year mother, 80 year old grad student.

Question 8

Ideal norms

Answer 8

standards or expectation

Question 9

“The entire life cycle is speeded up for people who are poor”

Answer 9

They finish education sooner, get first job sooner, marry younger, kids earlier, grandparents earlier because they dont have the means to explore all there options they have to support themselves now.

Question 10

Study of development

Answer 10

Nojust abunch of facts that apply to most people of specific ages. Its about finding patterns that can be applied to majority of people.

Question 11

Principles that are relevant to the understanding of the developing person

Answer 11

1. ) All persons are similar and have the same basic needs.
2. ) The person is a unified, but open system
3. ) Stability and change are constant in any system
4. ) The person’s life process evolves irreversibly
5. ) The person responds as a total organism
6. ) Relative influences of biology and culture shift over the lifespan
7. ) Each person is a social being
8. ) The person cannot understand the self without understanding others, and he or she cannot understand others without understanding the self.
9. ) Culture and society determine guidelines for normal progression of development and behavior patterns.
10. ) Nature and nurture are both basic to development.

Question 12

nature

Answer 12

Development is infuenced by genetics.

Question 13

nuture

Answer 13

Development is also influence by the personal experiences.

Question 14

Growth

Answer 14

Change in structure, function, increase complexity of the bodies content, and metabolic and biochemical processes.

Question 15

Incremental growth

Answer 15

maintaining a daily excess of growth over catabolism can be identified chemically

Question 16

replacement growth

Answer 16

normal refills of essential body components (recycling of red blood cell)

Question 17

hyperplasia

Answer 17

increase # of cells

Question 18

hypertrophy

Answer 18

increase size of a cell

Question 19

Fact about growth of cells

Answer 19

Each body organ has its own optimum period for growth and the tissues are most sensitive during hyperplastic growth

Question 20

Development

Answer 20

lifelong changes in structure, feeling, behaviors that come from the maturing of one’s body, mind, experiences, and learning that lead to a new level of maturity and intergration.

Question 21

What does development allow a person to do

Answer 21

It permit people to adapt to 1s environment by controlling teh environment or controlling there response to it.

Question 22

biological age

Answer 22

level of physical growth and development compared to physical health and organ capacity

Question 23

Psychological Age

Answer 23

adaptive capacity of a person compared to other of the same age

Question 24

Chronologic Age

Answer 24

time since birth

Question 25

social age

Answer 25

societies’ expectation of person at a specific age/stage

Question 26

Maturation

Answer 26

emergence of genetic potential in all areas. the unfolding of natual sequence of physical changes and behavioral patterns, including readiness to master new skills

Question 27

The learning process

Answer 27

process of gaining knowledge/skills and acquiring habits and attitudes caused by experinces, training, behavoiral changes

Question 28

Maturation and learning interrelated

Answer 28

Learning cant occur unless the preson is mature enough to understand and change his of her behavior

Question 29

General principles of development

Answer 29

1. ) Childhood is the foundation period of life.
2. ) Development is lifelong: follows a definable, predictable, and sequential pattern; and occurs continually through adulthood.
3. ) Growth and development evidence both continuity and discontinuity.
4. ) Growth is accompanied by behavior change.
5. ) Human behavior has purpose. It is goal directed and involves both gain and loss.

Question 30

Critical preiods of human developmet. when do they occur?

Answer 30

they occur when specific organs and other physical, psychosocial aspects of growth undergo a rapid change and capacity to adpt to stressors is underdeveloped. A lot of demand on the person and is more suseptible to the environment

Question 31

SOme more General principles of development

Answer 31

6. ) Mastering developmental tasks of one period is the basis for mastering the next developmental era, physically and emotionally.
7. ) Progressive differentiation of the self from the environment results from increasing self-knowledge and autonomy.
8. ) Development involves changing allocation of resources – time, energy, talent, social skills, or money – for growth, improvement, maintenance, recovery, or dealing with loss.
9. ) Development is multidimensional in four areas: physical, cognitive, emotional, and social competency. These constantly influence one another.
10. ) Readiness and motivation are essential for learning to occur.
11. ). Development is contextual.
12. Development is modifiable: people show plasticity

Question 32

Primary determinate of normal growth

Answer 32

is the development of the central nervous system bc it govern everything else

Question 33

Principle of readiness

Answer 33

the ability of a child to do a skill depends on the neurologic and muscloskeletal system maturity.

Question 34

Principle of differentiation

Answer 34

develpment moves from simple to complex, homogeneous to heterogeneous, general to specific

Question 35

The three way physical and motor changes proceed

Answer 35

Cephalocaudal principle:head to tail, Proximodistal principle: near to far, Bilateral principle: side to side

Question 36

Principle of Asynchronous Growth

Answer 36

developmental shifts at successive periods in development. changes that occur at each stage of development

Question 37

Principle of discontinuity of growth rate

Answer 37

growth rates changes depending on which period during the life span

Question 38

when does the circulatory become functional?

Answer 38

“the heart and circulatory system begin to function during the third week of embryonic life.

Question 39

when is the full growth of the brain

Answer 39

Full growth of the brain is seen at 6 years of age (80% at 2 years of age).