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Human Development > Chapter 4 Environmental Influences > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Environmental Influences Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrogen oxide

A

Color/odorless nonflammable gas. Sources kerosene heaters, unvented gas stoves and heaters tobacco smoke. Indoor levels without combustion appliances is 1/2 of outdoors levels

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2
Q

Indoor environmental quality

A

Refers to the quality of air in an office environment. Workers symptoms: headache fatigue itching burning eyes skin iration nasal congestion dry irrated throat nausea. Causes of symptoms: the work office and bad ventilation blah p 89 sick building syndrome

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3
Q

Radon

A

Invisible order less radioactive gas comes up through the ground. Most serious indoor pollutant Bc in decays into radioactive particles that can cause lung cancer. 1/15 of us homes have elevated levels. It can also be in we’ll water released in air during showers. Do it urself radon kits

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4
Q

Pollutants in hospitals

A

funes from disinfectants, surgical smoke, vapor, coagulants, waste gas,

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5
Q

Bio pesticides

A

Less harmful. Pesticides produced derived from natural materials. They are more specific to a pest. Effective in smal quantities and decompose quickly. Good bugs lady bugs

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6
Q

Second third hand smoke

A

2nd Being around people who smoke. 3rd the effects on a fetus when the mother is around smoke. Cause aggressive defiant behavior and ADHD Cancer. Very bad for children Bc developing physically and have high resp rate and absorob more. Brief exposure can cause immediate harm. Don’t smoke in house or car

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7
Q

Pesticides

A

Toxic semivolatile organic comps that are used for pest control. 80% of pesticide exposure occurs indoors. Contaminated soil, stored pesticide containers, house hold surfaces that collect pesticide and then release them.

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8
Q

Indoor environmental quality

A

Describes the problems occurring in buildings nation wide. Includes air quality, comfort, noise, lighting, ergonomic stressors, psychosocial factors.

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9
Q

Formaldehyde

A

Colorless. Pungent smelling gas. Used in manufacturing and household products. Emissions decrease as the product ages. Release is accelerated by heat and humidity.

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10
Q

Volatile organic compounds.

A

Emitt gases from specific substances. Cleaners, draino, paints/removers, pesticides, office equipment, glue markers. Education ventilation discard chemicals properly. Minimize exposure to methylene CL benzene perchloroethylene carcinogenic

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11
Q

Respirable particles

A

Ash, soot, dust that can be inhaled. Fireplaces wood stoves kerosene heaters. Respiratory infections bronchitis lung cancer. Prevention ventilation cleaning changing filters repair heat/air systems

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12
Q

Lead

A

Highly to toxic heavy metal. Fetuses babies children are most vulnerable Bc it is easily absorbed into there growing bodies. There tissues are more sensitive to it damaging effects

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13
Q

CArbon dioxide

A

Color/odorless gas that binds with hemoglobin reducing O2 binding sites. Sources unvented heaters, chimneys, furnaces, gas heaters, gas powered stuff combustion. Combustion equipment is in good condition and have a CO detector.

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14
Q

Pica

A

The habit children have to eat non food substances. This is an increase risk for children to have lead exposure.

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15
Q

Deforestation

A

the cutting down of large areas of tree growth.

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16
Q

acid deposition

A

acid rain less precise name

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17
Q

ozone

A

its in the upper atomsphere and lower. Upper is the good one it blocks most of the sun’s UV rays. lower is smog :(

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18
Q

effects of human activity & Heating the atomsphere

A

human effect cause and increase of greenhouse gases which trap heat in the atomsphere the more greenhouse gases the more it contributes to global warming.

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19
Q

Wet depostion

A

acidic rain, fog, snow that affects plants and animals

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20
Q

breathing ozone

A

This may trigger many health problems

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21
Q

biological contaminants

A

bacteria, mold, mildew, viruses, animal dander, cat saliva, dust, mites, cockroaches, pollen

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22
Q

% of emissions

A

fossil fuelsare persponsible for the 98% of co2, 24% CH4, 18% nitrous oxide,

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23
Q

Nitrous oxide emissions

A

from the use of nitrogen based fertilizer, and human waste

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24
Q

Ecology

A

the study of relationships between organisms and their environment

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25
Q

Air quality index (1-500)

A

replaces the Pollution Standard Index, reports how clean or polluted the air is and possible the health effects. The high the # the great the pollution and higher health risks. green and yellow 50 normal orange red 100 unhealthy

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26
Q

E.P.A

A

environmental protection agency

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27
Q

Natural Processes

A

can contaminate the air. Forest, prairie firs, volcanos, erosion

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28
Q

Composition of acid rain and causes

A

sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide mixed with rain fall. the rain fall washes all the dry deposition away and increasing the acidity of the rain. Fossil fuel power plants, cars, copper iron smelting

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29
Q

client education on asbestos

A

If asbestos in your home, just leave it alone useless fibers are being released and inhaled. Removal must be done by a trained professional.

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30
Q

client education on heat/cool systems

A

general good houskeeping, heat/cool system maintence, ventilation, pest control, moisture control can minimize risk. humidity about 30%-50%

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31
Q

acid deposition

A

acid rain less precise name

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32
Q

asbestos

A

mineral fiber, propose was to strengthen, insulate, make product more fire resistent

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33
Q

ozone depleting substances

A

substances that contain chlorine and bromine that release into the stratosphere and destroy good ozone. aerosol, coolants, pesticides, solvents, foaming agents, fire extinguishers.

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34
Q

Effects of Air Pollution

A

Most harmful to the very young, the very old, and those with respiratory and cardiac disease.

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35
Q

Toxins in heating and cool systems and humidifiers causing disease

A

bacteria, mold, mildew, viruses, animal dander, cat saliva, dust, mites, cockroaches, pollen

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36
Q

Bad effects of progress

A

With all of our progress (industrialization, etc.), we can both make ourselves comfortable and sick!
Over 30 new diseases have appeared since 1970 as the result of climatic conditions or human intervention.

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37
Q

Air and water pollution are interchangeably

A

bc over time the water can clean the air but if there is more pollution then the water can handle then the harmful materials stay in the atomsphere

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38
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

h2o, co2, CH4, nitrous oxide, ozone. they trap sunlight that enter the atomsphere thus warming the earth. too much is causing global warming. and fluorocarbon because of humans

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39
Q

low levels of ozone

A

are still dangerous, and a study thats found it increse premature death

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40
Q

Environmental illness

A

occurs when one is exposed to a noxious agent from the environment that causes illness

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41
Q

Table 4-1

A

p 85

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42
Q

Heat absorbing capacity of mehtane and nitrous oxide

A

there concetration are far less than CO2 but there heat capacity is 60 to 270 times greater.

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43
Q

Primary source of air polutation

A

Is the burning of fossil fuels

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44
Q

photochemical ozone

A

smog, reactions between nitous oxide and other organic compounds with sunlight

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45
Q

Fossil fuels

A

are fozzilized remains of plants and animals. when burned they release carbon into the air

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46
Q

Methane

A

Swamp gas, produced by the decomposition of organic material (shit, landfills, rice fields)

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47
Q

Dry deposition

A

acidic gases and particles in the atomsphere

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48
Q

water polluation

A

(if it is unfit for its intended use) Abiout ! billion people in the world dont have access to clean drinking water. and 40% experience extreme water shortages

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49
Q

Point sources (pollution)

A

direct pollluting the water

50
Q

Non-Point sources (pollution)

A

indirectly pollute the water

51
Q

Water Purification

A

natural way involves a bacterial reacting with oxygen to decompose organic matter. Too much waste can slow or stop this

52
Q

Municipal waste pollution

A

wastewater from homes and businesses

53
Q

Industrial waste pollution

A

waste from mining and industrial companys

54
Q

Agricultural waste pollution

A

polluation from livestock and poultry farms

55
Q

Sewage, grass clippings, etc

A

produce nitrate and phosphates that interfere with the filtration process and effects light penatration.

56
Q

Silt

A

reduces depth of water and interfers with oxygen use

57
Q

Pesticide runoff

A

has the potential to contaminate the water supply. they were found in 50% of the ground water near argicultural areas

58
Q

Pathogens associated with foodborne illnesses

A

Escherichia coli, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium

59
Q

Overflow signs

A

EPA requirment signs that warn people that the water has been exposed to sewage overflow

60
Q

Other pollutants

A

oil spills, radioactivematerial, heating of water which kills life, chemical contaminants

61
Q

Aging pipes

A

the plumbing may not be up to standards and the pipes may release more lead in the water than what is allowed

62
Q

Fact about tab water

A

“Let tap water run for 60 seconds before using it because the lead content of water sitting in a pipe may be higher. Avoid drinking hot tap water as heat pulls more lead from pipes

63
Q

Federal and state standards for bottled water

A

if the bottled water meets state and federal standards it get the IBWA logo stamped on it

64
Q

Threat to the oceans

A

dumping sewage into the ocean can permanately pollute the worlds oceans

65
Q

Sustainability of water quality

A

p91

66
Q

Soil Pollution

A

contamination of soil p 91

67
Q

Food Pollution

A

We like to have a wide variety of foods year-round, which includes many toxins and many other things being added

68
Q

Direct Additives

A

added for food for a purpose

69
Q

indirect Additives

A

become part of the food in small amounts for packing or ect.

70
Q

Color additives

A

added to color the food, yellow 5 people are sensitive to the tartrazine it it must be on label

71
Q

ADHD

A

some children are allergic to food colorings in food which cause AHDH symptoms

72
Q

functional food

A

food that enhances health or prevents diseases

73
Q

Nitrites

A

can react with certain amines to produce nitrosamines, many of which are known to cause cancer.

74
Q

nitrite sources

A

found in meat, poultry, fish products as a preservitive

75
Q

sulfite

A

amy lead to exacerbated asthma, preservative that must be label. Salad bars may no longer be treated with sulfites.
Pesticides

76
Q

Pesticides

A

chemicals used to control insects, weeds, fungi, diseases, crop pests. they increase crop yeilds, extend seasons, and increase quality.

77
Q

Pesticides tolerance

A

limit of amount of pesticide residue that can remain on food.

78
Q

FDA Pesticides regulation

A

monitor imported food in USA and make sure there Pesticides are within tolerance

79
Q

illegal Pesticides

A

if residue exceeds limits or not liscnced for a specific crop.

80
Q

Pesticides consumption

A

“Although tolerance levels serve to protect the consumer, we can easily consume small amounts of more than 30 pesticides a day.” P. 93. (I find this alarming!!)

81
Q

Organic Diets

A

“An EPA study found that after 5 days on an organic diet, specific markers for commonly used pesticides in the urine of 23 children decreased to undetectable levels.” P. 93. (We need to protect our children!)

82
Q

Hormones in animals

A

Growth hormones may be added to animal feed and synthetic hormones may be carcinogenic.
Hormones are banned in poultry, but not in other animals unless they are certified as organic.

83
Q

Antibiotic, uses

A

speed up animal growth and improve health of animals in unsanitary pens. overuse leads to antibiotic ressistent bacteria.

84
Q

Arsenic in antibiotic

A

An FDA-approved antibiotic, roxarsone, used in chicken feed contains arsenic!!
It is not allowed to be used in organic chicken feed. May cause neurologic problems

85
Q

Prions

A

proteins that may cause mad cow disease.

86
Q

Mercury

A

Educate the public that high levels of mercury can cause learning problems or retardation in children and neurologic damage in developing fetuses. It is a by-product of coal-burning. limit fish., seea food if pregnant

87
Q

Education of anitbiotics

A

sensiivity and ressitence to them, buy organic meats and ect

88
Q

dioxin

A

low levels of contaminant foods. slow to remove from body collects in fat, salmon p 94

89
Q

foodborne illness

A

cause by eating contaiminated food drinks

90
Q

Campylobacter

A

Most common cause of bacterial diarrhea, in birds GI tract, cause eating Undercooked chicken and juices from raw chicken

91
Q

Salmonella

A

found in Birds, reptiles, and mammals. 16.3% of all chickens are contaminated. Symptoms: fever, diarrhea, ab cramps

92
Q

E. coli 0157:H7

A

Found in cattle and other animals, Hamburger contaminated with cow feces. Severe bloody diarrhea and ab cramps, severe cases Hemolytic uremic syndrome

93
Q

Calicivirus or Norwalk-like virus

A

Extremely common, associated with vomiting

94
Q

other bacteria

A

C. botulism paralytic toxin, parasitic G. lamblia, Cryptosporidium. raw food contaminants

95
Q

Protective precautions for food

A

Sanitarily prepare foood, cook thoroughly, store foods properly, separate foods, report suspected foodborne illnesses

96
Q

Sound overload/ noise pollution/decibels

A

unwanted, offensive sounds that unreasonably intrude in daily lives, measure of sound loudness

97
Q

Efects of noise

A

hearing loss, communication, sleep, preformance and social behavior, Regular exposure to noise levels at or above 80 decibels can cause deafness.

98
Q

Noise induced hearing lose NIHL

A

Hearing can be damaged by loud impulse noise, such as an explosion or from loud continuous noise as in a factory. Hearing loss may be permanent or temporary.

99
Q

OSHA Occupational safety and health ADMIN

A

> 85 Decibels for 8 hrs require hearing protection

100
Q

Hazardous waste

A

waste that is potenially bad for human and environment. Household hazardous waste, including old computers and printers

101
Q

ocuupational hazards

A

work place OSHA have standards for health and safety, training and education, improvements in workplace

102
Q

Health and safety responsibilities for health carers

A

detect health risks, collaborate for intervention, provide health teaching, adocate change in policy legislation.

103
Q

Personal responsiblily

A

Conserve natural resources, reduce pollution, Lifestyle changes, Advocacy

104
Q

Man-made disasters

A

waste war, war material

105
Q

natural disasters

A

ecologic disruption,

106
Q

W.M.D.

A

chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive agents

107
Q

Chemical agents

A

unintentional- industrial accident. Intentional-terriorism. examples: biotoxins, blistering agents, blood agents, caustic acids, heavy metals, nerve agents

108
Q

HAZMAT event

A

chemical terriorism involving hazardous materials.

109
Q

Biological agents

A

Biological weapons are more destructive than chemical weapons

110
Q

CDC classification of biological agents

A

Category A agents:most dangerous large casualities, Category B agents: large scale illness, Category C agents: not believe to be a risk but could be.

111
Q

Radiation

A

consists of alpha: least penatrating, beta: skin penatrating, gamma particles: pass through body and absorbed by tissues

112
Q

Geiger counters

A

can detect beta and gamma not alpha

113
Q

Chernobyl

A

“ Readioactive cesium-137 and strontium-90 continue to contaminate all animal life and the food chain in the humanless environment

114
Q

Brisance

A

movement of particles too less dense areas. lung fluid moves into the alveoli causing pulmonary hemorrage

115
Q

Implosion

A

compression and decompression of gas. rupture of tympanic membranes

116
Q

Activation phase

A

2-4 days survey to asses the damage and # of people involved, extent of local response and establish communication and info facilities.

117
Q

Implementation phase

A

search and rescue

118
Q

Triage

A

when found they are classified for waht treament they need

119
Q

Recovery phase

A

reassessing the scene for missing people, withdraw of prehospital services, debreifing

120
Q

Debriefing

A

involves critical incident stresss management

121
Q

U. S. Department of Homeland Security

A

responsible for making sure emgency response professionals are prepare.

122
Q

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

A

National fire admin, Civil defense, insurance programs

Human Development (4 decks)

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