Chapter 5: Shoulder Girdle

Question 1

The shoulder girdle is formed by two bones

Answer 1

the clavicle and scapula.

Question 2

Lateral aspect of clavicle

Answer 2

Acromial extremity

Question 3

Medial aspect of clavicle

Answer 3

Sternal extremity

Question 4

Serves as fulcrum for the movement of arm

Answer 4

Clavicle

Question 5

Cla icle os classified as ______ bone.

Answer 5

Long bone

Question 6

Scapula is classified as _______ bone.

Answer 6

Flat bone

Question 7

scapulohumeral articulation between the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus forms a ___________, allowing movement in all directions

Answer 7

synovial ball-and-socket joint

Question 8

Acromioclavicular

Answer 8

Synovial, gliding

Question 9

Sternoclavicular

Answer 9

Synovial, double gliding

Question 10

Impacted fracture of the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head with dislocation

Answer 10

Hill-Sachs Defect

Question 11

epicondyles are parallel with the plane of the IR.

Answer 11

AP shoulder, external rotation

Question 12

Epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR

Answer 12

AP Shoulder, internal rotation

Question 13

Epicondyles at an angle of about 45 degrees with the plane of the IR.

Answer 13

AP Shoulder, Neutral Position

Question 14

The greater tubercle of the humerus and the site of insertion of the supraspinatus tendon are visualized

Answer 14

External Rotatiin, AP Shoulder

Question 15

The posterior part of the supraspinatus insertion, which sometimes profiles small calcific deposit not otherwise visualized

Answer 15

Neutral Position, AP Shoulder

Question 16

The proximal humerus is seen in a true lateral position. When the arm can be abducted enough to clear the lesser tuber­ cle of the head of the scapula, a profile image of the site of the insertion of the subscapular tendon is seen.

Answer 16

Internal Rotation, AP Shoulder

Question 17

used when

trauma exists and the arm cannot be rotated or abducted because of an injury.

Answer 17

Lawrence Method

☑️Transthoracic Lateral Projection

Question 18

If the patient cannot elevate the unaf­fected shoulder for Lawrence Merthod, angle the central ray ___________ cephalad to obtain a com­parable radiograph.

Answer 18

10 to 15 degrees

Question 19

Inferosuperlor axial shoulder joint: Rafert modification. Note the exaggerated _______ rotation of arm and thumb point­ ing downward. If present. a _____________ would show as a wedge-shaped depression on the posterior aspect of the articulating surface of the humeral head

Answer 19

External rotation

Hill-Sach Defect

Question 20

Directed at a dual angle of 25 degrees anteriorly from the horizontal and 25 degrees medially. The central ray enters approximately 5 inches ( 13cm) inferior and I and half inch (3.8 cm) medial to the acro­mial edge and exit the glenoid cavity.

☑️shows bony abnor­malities of the anterior inferior rim of the glenoid in patients with instability of the shoulder

Answer 20

West Point Method (Inferosuperior Axial Projection)

Question 21

When the prone or supine position is not possible, __________ suggested that the patient be radiographed in the lat­eral recumbent position lying, on the side

CR
☑️Horizontal to the midcoronal plane, passing through the midaxillary region of the shoulder.
☑️Angled 5 to 1 5 degrees medially when the patient cannot abduct the arm a full 90 degrees

Answer 21

Clements Modification

inferosuperior Axial Projection

Question 22

Shows the joint relationship of the proximal end of the humerus and the glenoid cavity

Answer 22

Superoinferior Axial Projection

*5-15 degrees toward the shoulder/elbow joint

Question 23

shows the relationship of head of humerus to glenoid cavity. This is useful in diagnosing cases
of posterior dislocation.

Answer 23

AP Axial Projection of the Shoulder

*CR 35 degrees cephalad to scapulohumeral joint

Question 24

This projection is useful in the evaluation of suspected shoulder dislocations.

Answer 24

Scapular Y

Question 25

In anterior (subcoracoid) dislocations, the humeral head is what?

In posterior (subacromial) dislocations, it is projected in what?

Answer 25

beneath the coracoid process

beneath the acromion process

Question 26

How many body rotation is needed for Grashey Method of the shoulder joint?

Answer 26

35-45 degrees toward affected side

• CR - Perpendicular to the glenoid cavity at a point 2 inches (5 cm) medial and 2 inches inferior to the superolateral border of the shoulder.

Question 27

This radiographic projection is useful to demonstrate tangentially the coracoacro­ mial arch or outlet to diagnose shoulder impingement.

Answer 27

Neer Method

 - Supraspinatus “Outlet”
 - Tangential Projection

Question 28

demonstrates the posterior surface of the acromion and the acromioclavicular joint identified as the superior border of the coracoacromial outlet

Answer 28

The tangential outlet image

• Neer Method
  
  • Angled 10 to 15 degree caudad, enter­ing the superior aspect of the humeral head

Question 29

useful in identi­fying the cause of shoulder dislocation.

Answer 29

AP AXIAL PROJECTION
STRYKER “NOTCH” METHOD’

 * Angled 10 degrees cephalad, entering the coracoid process

Question 30

This projection is similar to the Grashey Method but uses weighted abduction to demonstrate a loss of articular cartilage in the scapulohumeral joint.

Answer 30

AP OBLIQUE PROJECTION
APPLE METHOD

 * Angled 45 degree caudad through the scapulohumeral joint

Question 31

This projection is recommended for acute shoulder trauma and for identifying poste­ rior scapulohumeral dislocations, glenoid fractures, Hill-Sachs lesions, and soft­ tissue calcifications.

Answer 31

AP AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION

GARTH METHOD)

Question 32

Posterior dislocations will project the humeral head _________ from the glen­oid cavity and anterior dislocations pro­ject __________.

Answer 32

superiorly

Inferiorly