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Merill's Atlas Volume 1 > Chapter 3: General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 3: General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Plane that transects the pelvis at the top of iliac crest at the level of fourth lumbar spinous process. It is used in the positioning of lumbar spine, sacrum and coccyx.

A

Interiliac plane

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2
Q

Plane that formed by biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws close. It is used for posing odontoid process and some head projections.

A

Occlusal plane

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3
Q

Mastoid tip

A

C1

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4
Q

Gonion, angle of mandible

A

C2, C3

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5
Q

Hyoid bone

A

C3, C4

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6
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

C5

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7
Q

Vertebra Prominens

A

C7, T1

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8
Q

Approximately 2inches (5cm) above the level of jugular notch

A

T1

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9
Q

Level of jugular notch

A

T2, T3

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10
Q

Level of sternal angle

A

T4, T5

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11
Q

Level of inferior angle of scapulae

A

T7

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12
Q

Level of Xiphoid process

A

T9, T10

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13
Q

Inferior costal margin

A

L2, L3

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14
Q

Level of superior aspect of iliac crest

A

L4, L5

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15
Q

Level of ASIS

A

S1, S2

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16
Q

Level of symphysis pubis and greater trochanter

A

Coccyx

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17
Q 
Heart: axis nearly transverse Lungs: short, apices at or
near clavicles 
Diaphragm: high 
Stomach: high, transverse,
and In the middle Colon: around periphery
of abdomen 
Gallbladder: high, outside,
lies more parallel

Characteristics
Build: massive
Abdomen: long
Thorax: short, broad, deep Pelvis: narrow

A

Hypersthenic - 5%

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18
Q

Heart: moderately transverse Lungs: moderate length Diaphragm: moderately high Stomach: high, upper left
Colon: spread evenly; slight dip In
transverse colon
Gallbladder: centered on right side, upper abdomen

Characteristics
Build: moderately heavy Abdomen: moderately long Thorax: moderately short, broad,
and deep
Pelvis: relatively small

A

Sthenic (50%)

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19
Q

The organs and characteris­ tics for this habitus are intermediate between the sthenic and asthenic body habitus types. This habitus is the most difficult to classify.

A

Hyposthenic (35%)

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20
Q 
Heart: nearly vertical and at midline 
Lungs: long, apices above clavicles, may be broader above base 
Diaphragm: low
Stomach: low and medial, in the pelvis
when standing
Colon: low, folds on itself 
Gallbladder: low and nearer the midline

Characteristics
Build: frail Abdomen: short
Thorax: long, shallow Pelvis: wide

A

Asthenic (10%)

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21
Q

Bones in Axial Skeleton

A

80

22
Q

Bones in appendicular skeleton

A

126

23
Q

All bones are com­ posed of a strong, dense outer layer called the ________ bone and an inner portion of les dense ______ bone.

A

Compact bone

Spongy bone

24
Q

The softer spongy bone contains a peculated network of interconnecting spaces called the

A

trabeculae

* filled with red and yellow marrow.

25
Q

______ marrow produces red and white blood cells, and _______ marrow stores adipo e (fat) cells.

A

Red marrow

Yellow marrow

26
Q

Long bones have a central cavity called the __________, which contains trabeculae filled with yellow mar­row.

A

Medullary cavity

27
Q

A tough, fibrous connective tissue called the __________ covers all bony surfaces except the articular surfaces, which are covered by the articular cartilage.

A

Periosteum

28
Q

The tissue lining the medullary cavity of bone is called the

A

endosteum

29
Q

is the term given to the devel­ opment and formation of bones.

A

Ossification

 * Osification occurs sepa­rately by two distinct processes:

inter­membranous ossification - develop from fibrous membrane

endochon­dral ossification - develop from hyaline cartilage

30
Q

As growth occurs, a plate of car­
tilage called the _________ develops between the two areas. This
plate is seen on the long-bone radiographs
of all pediatric patients. It is important radio­
graphically because it is a common site of
fractures in pediatric patients.

A

Epiphyseal plate

31
Q

Fibrous classification with movements

A

1 . Syndesmosis - slightly movable

  1. Suture - immovable
  2. Gomphosis - immovable
32
Q

Cartilaginous classification and movement

A
  1. Symphysis - slighly movable

2. Synchondrosis - immovable

33
Q

Synovial classification and movements

A
  1. Gliding - all freely movable
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot
  4. Ellipsoid
  5. Saddle
  6. Ball and socket
34
Q

Inferior tibiofibular joint

A

Syndesmosis

35
Q

Roots of the teeth on the alveolis

A

Gomphosis

36
Q

Synarthroses

A

immovable joint

37
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable

38
Q

Diarthroses

A

Freely movable

39
Q

Do not have a joint cavity. They are united by various fibrous and connective tissues or l igaments. These are the strongest joints in the body because they are virtually immovable.

A

Fibrous joints

40
Q

they do not have a joint cavity, and they are virtually immovable. Hyaline cartilage or fibrocar­tilage unites these joints.

A

Cartilaginous Joints

41
Q

the epiphyseal plate found between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing long bone

A

Synchondrosis

42
Q

They act as shock absorber by con­ forming to and filling in the large gaps around the periphery of the bones.

A

Menisci

43
Q

help reduce friction between skin and bones, tendons and bones, and muscles and bones.

A

Bursae

44
Q

intercarpal joints of the wrist

A

Gliding

45
Q

Elbow joint

A

Hinge joint

46
Q

Atlas and axis of the CS

A

Pivot

47
Q

Radiocarpal joint of the wrist

A

Ellipsoidal

48
Q

Carpometacarpal joint

A

Saddle

49
Q

Hip joint

A

Ball and Socket

50
Q

Rounded process at an articular extremity

A

condyle

51
Q

Fracture in which the bone retain its normal alignment

A

Nondisplace fracture

52
Q

More serious fracture in which the bones are not in anatomic alignment

A

Displace fracture

Merill's Atlas Volume 1 (7 decks)

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