Chapter 3: General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology

Question 1

Plane that transects the pelvis at the top of iliac crest at the level of fourth lumbar spinous process. It is used in the positioning of lumbar spine, sacrum and coccyx.

Answer 1

Interiliac plane

Question 2

Plane that formed by biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws close. It is used for posing odontoid process and some head projections.

Answer 2

Occlusal plane

Question 3

Mastoid tip

Answer 3

C1

Question 4

Gonion, angle of mandible

Answer 4

C2, C3

Question 5

Hyoid bone

Answer 5

C3, C4

Question 6

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 6

C5

Question 7

Vertebra Prominens

Answer 7

C7, T1

Question 8

Approximately 2inches (5cm) above the level of jugular notch

Answer 8

T1

Question 9

Level of jugular notch

Answer 9

T2, T3

Question 10

Level of sternal angle

Answer 10

T4, T5

Question 11

Level of inferior angle of scapulae

Answer 11

T7

Question 12

Level of Xiphoid process

Answer 12

T9, T10

Question 13

Inferior costal margin

Answer 13

L2, L3

Question 14

Level of superior aspect of iliac crest

Answer 14

L4, L5

Question 15

Level of ASIS

Answer 15

S1, S2

Question 16

Level of symphysis pubis and greater trochanter

Answer 16

Coccyx

Question 17

Heart: axis nearly transverse Lungs: short, apices at or
near clavicles 
Diaphragm: high 
Stomach: high, transverse,
and In the middle Colon: around periphery
of abdomen 
Gallbladder: high, outside,
lies more parallel

Characteristics
Build: massive
Abdomen: long
Thorax: short, broad, deep Pelvis: narrow

Answer 17

Hypersthenic - 5%

Question 18

Heart: moderately transverse Lungs: moderate length Diaphragm: moderately high Stomach: high, upper left
Colon: spread evenly; slight dip In
transverse colon
Gallbladder: centered on right side, upper abdomen

Characteristics
Build: moderately heavy Abdomen: moderately long Thorax: moderately short, broad,
and deep
Pelvis: relatively small

Answer 18

Sthenic (50%)

Question 19

The organs and characteris­ tics for this habitus are intermediate between the sthenic and asthenic body habitus types. This habitus is the most difficult to classify.

Answer 19

Hyposthenic (35%)

Question 20

Heart: nearly vertical and at midline 
Lungs: long, apices above clavicles, may be broader above base 
Diaphragm: low
Stomach: low and medial, in the pelvis
when standing
Colon: low, folds on itself 
Gallbladder: low and nearer the midline

Characteristics
Build: frail Abdomen: short
Thorax: long, shallow Pelvis: wide

Answer 20

Asthenic (10%)

Question 21

Bones in Axial Skeleton

Answer 21

80

Question 22

Bones in appendicular skeleton

Answer 22

126

Question 23

All bones are com­ posed of a strong, dense outer layer called the ________ bone and an inner portion of les dense ______ bone.

Answer 23

Compact bone

Spongy bone

Question 24

The softer spongy bone contains a peculated network of interconnecting spaces called the

Answer 24

trabeculae

* filled with red and yellow marrow.

Question 25

______ marrow produces red and white blood cells, and _______ marrow stores adipo e (fat) cells.

Answer 25

Red marrow | Yellow marrow

Question 26

Long bones have a central cavity called the __________, which contains trabeculae filled with yellow mar­row.

Answer 26

Medullary cavity

Question 27

A tough, fibrous connective tissue called the __________ covers all bony surfaces except the articular surfaces, which are covered by the articular cartilage.

Answer 27

Periosteum

Question 28

The tissue lining the medullary cavity of bone is called the

Answer 28

endosteum

Question 29

is the term given to the devel­ opment and formation of bones.

Answer 29

Ossification * Osification occurs sepa­rately by two distinct processes: inter­membranous ossification - develop from fibrous membrane endochon­dral ossification - develop from hyaline cartilage

Question 30

As growth occurs, a plate of car­ tilage called the _________ develops between the two areas. This plate is seen on the long-bone radiographs of all pediatric patients. It is important radio­ graphically because it is a common site of fractures in pediatric patients.

Answer 30

Epiphyseal plate

Question 31

Fibrous classification with movements

Answer 31

1 . Syndesmosis - slightly movable 2. Suture - immovable 3. Gomphosis - immovable

Question 32

Cartilaginous classification and movement

Answer 32

1. Symphysis - slighly movable | 2. Synchondrosis - immovable

Question 33

Synovial classification and movements

Answer 33

1. Gliding - all freely movable 2. Hinge 3. Pivot 4. Ellipsoid 5. Saddle 6. Ball and socket

Question 34

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Answer 34

Syndesmosis

Question 35

Roots of the teeth on the alveolis

Answer 35

Gomphosis

Question 36

Synarthroses

Answer 36

immovable joint

Question 37

Amphiarthroses

Answer 37

slightly movable

Question 38

Diarthroses

Answer 38

Freely movable

Question 39

Do not have a joint cavity. They are united by various fibrous and connective tissues or l igaments. These are the strongest joints in the body because they are virtually immovable.

Answer 39

Fibrous joints

Question 40

they do not have a joint cavity, and they are virtually immovable. Hyaline cartilage or fibrocar­tilage unites these joints.

Answer 40

Cartilaginous Joints

Question 41

the epiphyseal plate found between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing long bone

Answer 41

Synchondrosis

Question 42

They act as shock absorber by con­ forming to and filling in the large gaps around the periphery of the bones.

Answer 42

Menisci

Question 43

help reduce friction between skin and bones, tendons and bones, and muscles and bones.

Answer 43

Bursae

Question 44

intercarpal joints of the wrist

Answer 44

Gliding

Question 45

Elbow joint

Answer 45

Hinge joint

Question 46

Atlas and axis of the CS

Answer 46

Pivot

Question 47

Radiocarpal joint of the wrist

Answer 47

Ellipsoidal

Question 48

Carpometacarpal joint

Answer 48

Saddle

Question 49

Hip joint

Answer 49

Ball and Socket

Question 50

Rounded process at an articular extremity

Answer 50

condyle

Question 51

Fracture in which the bone retain its normal alignment

Answer 51

Nondisplace fracture

Question 52

More serious fracture in which the bones are not in anatomic alignment

Answer 52

Displace fracture