Chapter 5 - Schemas And Perception Flashcards
What’s a perceptual set?
The tendency to notice some things more than others. This can be caused be experience context or expectations
What’s a schema?
A framework of knowledge about an object event or person that can affect our perception and help us to organise information and recall what we saw
What’s the independent variable?
The factor which is changed by the researcher in an experiment to make two or more conditions
What’s the dependent variable?
The facto which is measured in an experiment
Strengths and weaknesses of Palmer (1975)
Strengths:
Controlled how long they saw the context and object for
Participants had instructions
Data from two participants wasn’t used as they forgot glasses
Weaknesses:
Because they were told what to do they might’ve tried harder
Data from some participants weren’t used so fewer results
What did Palmer (1975) do?
Showed participants a picture of a context with an object in it which changed and were told to remember it
What did Bartlett (1932) want to find out?
He wanted to find out how information changed after each reproduction and why it changed.
What’s serial reproduction?
When a piece of information is passed from one participant to another. Differences between each version is measured.
What’s repeated reproduction?
When a participant is given a story and is asked to repeat it after time delays. The differences between each repetition is measured.
Evaluate Bartlett (1932)
Strengths:
Both repeated and serial reproduction tasks were done
Other stories were used in serial reproduction
Weaknesses:
By choosing unfamiliar material Bartlett couldn’t be sure the changes would be found with familiar material
Bartlett didnt always test the repeated reproduction participants after the same time interval
What’s the aim of Carmichael et al (1932)?
To find out wether or not words shown with a photo would affect the way pictures were remembered
Evaluate Carmichael et al (1932)
Strengths:
By using a control group who didn’t hear anything he could be sure his drawing weren’t distorted in the same way
Used two different lists
Had 12 pictures and many participants
Weaknesses:
Irl things aren’t as ambiguous you know what you see. So study wasn’t life like
Prentice (1954) proved that verbal labels don’t affect recognition - Carmichael et als findings don’t apply widely
What’s reconstructive memory?
Recalled material is not just a copy of what we see or hear. Information is stored and when it’s remembered it is rebuilt so can be affected by extra information and by ideas like schemas we might already have
